{"id":11353,"date":"2019-01-18T17:58:46","date_gmt":"2019-01-18T14:58:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/buerger-hastaligi-nedenleri-belirtileri-ve-tedavisi\/"},"modified":"2025-07-23T17:58:30","modified_gmt":"2025-07-23T14:58:30","slug":"buerger-hastaligi-nedenleri-belirtileri-ve-tedavisi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/buerger-hastaligi-nedenleri-belirtileri-ve-tedavisi\/","title":{"rendered":"Buerger&#8217;s Disease: Symptoms, Causes &#038; Treatment"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Buerger&#8217;s disease, medically known as thromboangiitis obliterans, is a serious vascular disease that usually affects young men who smoke. It affects small and medium-sized arteries and veins, causing inflammation and congestion. Symptoms of Buerger&#8217;s disease include coldness, pain, numbness, bruising in the hands and feet, and a feeling of limping due to increased pain when walking. When the disease progresses, gangrene can lead to the loss of fingers. Treatment success is higher if Buerger&#8217;s disease is diagnosed in its early stages.<\/p>\n<p>Buerger&#8217;s disease is common in the hand and foot. It can lead to severe circulatory disorders in the hand and foot. The diagnosis is made using the diagnostic criteria for Buerger&#8217;s disease and needs to be differentiated from other vascular diseases. The disease may be associated with a genetic predisposition. The disability rate for Buerger&#8217;s disease is determined by the extent of vascular damage. Buerger&#8217;s disease can be confused with Raynaud&#8217;s phenomenon, so accurate diagnosis is important.<\/p>\n<p>Sympathectomy is the single most effective and permanent method for treating Buerger&#8217;s disease. Sympathectomy surgery relieves vasoconstriction and promotes healing by increasing blood flow. Therefore, surgery should be the first and only choice in the treatment of Buerger&#8217;s disease. The recovery period for Buerger&#8217;s disease varies from person to person, but patients experience a significant improvement in quality of life after sympathectomy. Buerger&#8217;s disease doctors, usually vascular surgeons, can stop the disease from progressing with early intervention.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other Names<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thromboangiitis Obliterans<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Affected System<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Circulatory System, especially the veins of the foot<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Causes<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although not fully known, it is considered genetic, smoking is an increasing factor<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Risk Factors<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Smoking, young age (usually 20-45), male gender, genetic predisposition<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Symptoms<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pain, coldness, discoloration of the feet and hands, loss of leg hair, pain when walking (claudication), wound opening and gangrene in the fingers<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diagnostic Methods<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Physical examination, Doppler ultrasound and definitive diagnosis is made by angiography.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Complications<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bruising and gangrene of the fingers, infection and pain attacks that do not respond to painkillers<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treatment Methods<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The only treatment is surgery (sympathectomy), painkillers and vasodilators are ineffective because they cannot reach the artery because of its congestion. Morphine-type drugs that only relieve pain from the brain.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prevention<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Smoking cessation, regular follow-up, attention to foot and hand hygiene<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Frequency of Appearance<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It occurs moderately frequently in smokers and less frequently in women.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prognosis<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Discontinuation of tobacco use may halt the progression of the disease, but the scarring and complications do not go away. Sympathectomy relieves pain and improves foot nutrition.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_735786279\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-2098575849\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1864741651\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\" style=\"background-color:#02288a;\" >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1109125846\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1300650683\" class=\"col medium-4 small-12 large-4\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover border-gorsel x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1578851605\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/yavuz-besogul-banner.jpg\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/yavuz-besogul-banner.jpg 700w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/yavuz-besogul-banner-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/yavuz-besogul-banner-280x280.jpg 280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1578851605 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1300650683 > .col-inner {\n  border-radius: 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1813395819\" class=\"col medium-8 small-12 large-8\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner dark\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 150%;\">Prof. Dr. Yavuz Be\u015fo\u011ful<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>>Turkey\u2019s Cardiovascular Surgery Doctor<\/p>\r\n<div>\r\n<div>Professor Doctor Yavuz Be\u015fo\u011ful is one of the first doctors to perform heart surgeries with minimally invasive methods in cardiovascular surgery since 1997. In Turkey, he published his first patient series on subaxillary (armpit) surgeries in 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004 in national and international scientific congresses and journals, and these were accepted in international and national congresses.<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n\t<div id=\"gap-282454293\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-282454293 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/prof-dr-yavuz-besogul\/\" class=\"button white lowercase hide-for-small\" style=\"border-radius:15px;\">\n\t\t<span>About<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/iletisim\/\" class=\"button white lowercase hide-for-small\" style=\"border-radius:15px;\">\n\t\t<span>Contact<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row show-for-small\"  id=\"row-2100354091\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1173483964\" class=\"col medium-6 small-6 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/prof-dr-yavuz-besogul\/\" class=\"button white lowercase expand\" style=\"border-radius:15px;\">\n\t\t<span>About<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/iletisim\/\" class=\"button white lowercase expand\" style=\"border-radius:15px;\">\n\t\t<span>Contact<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1813395819 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -60px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1864741651 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 30px 15px 1px 15px;\n  border-radius: 20px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #col-1864741651 > .col-inner {\n    padding: 30px 30px 1px 30px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_735786279 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n<h2><b>What is Buerger&#8217;s Disease and how does it affect the body?<\/b><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7278\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7278\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-7278\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Buerger-Hastaligi-tedavi-resmi-640x318.webp\" alt=\"Buerger Hastal\u00c4\u00b1\u00c4\u009f\u00c4\u00b1 tedavi resmi\" width=\"640\" height=\"318\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Buerger-Hastaligi-tedavi-resmi-640x318.webp 640w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Buerger-Hastaligi-tedavi-resmi-768x382.webp 768w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Buerger-Hastaligi-tedavi-resmi-18x9.webp 18w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Buerger-Hastaligi-tedavi-resmi-320x159.webp 320w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Buerger-Hastaligi-tedavi-resmi.webp 857w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7278\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buerger&#8217;s Disease treatment picture<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We can liken the vascular network in our body to the pipelines that carry water to every street in a city. The healthier these lines are, the more vibrant every part of the city is. Buerger&#8217;s Disease is an insidious problem that targets the thinner of these pipelines, especially in our hands and feet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It works in a completely different way from atherosclerosis, which most people know. In atherosclerosis, the arteries gradually narrow due to the build-up of cholesterol and fat in their walls. In Buerger&#8217;s Disease, however, the problem is not a build-up, but an inflammation of the vessel wall itself. This inflammatory reaction, triggered by chemicals in tobacco products, damages and inflames the inner surface of the blood vessel. In this sensitive and inflamed environment, blood begins to clot much more easily than usual. These tiny blood clots (thrombi) close the blood vessel like a clog and prevent the blood from flowing forward.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the blood stops flowing, the tissues at the end of that vessel &#8211; usually our fingers and toes &#8211; are caught in a drought. They become unable to receive oxygen and nutrients. At this point, a painful and destructive process begins. Tissues first weaken, then become damaged and finally, if blood flow cannot be restored, lose their vitality.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another interesting aspect of this disease is its &#8220;regional&#8221; progression. That is, instead of a blood vessel being completely blocked throughout, certain parts of it become diseased, while there are sections of healthy blood vessels in between. This triggers a defense mechanism of the body. The body tries to create new pathways, i.e. collaterals, to bypass the obstructed path. These newly formed vessels are so thin and curved that they resemble a &#8220;corkscrew&#8221; when seen on an angiogram. This thyroid image is a very valuable diagnostic clue for Buerger&#8217;s Disease.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Who is more likely to have Buerger&#8217;s Disease?<\/b><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2304\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2304\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2304\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/buerger-hastaligi-risk-gruplari.jpg\" alt=\"buerger hastal\u00c4\u00b1\u00c4\u009f\u00c4\u00b1 risk gruplar\u00c4\u00b1\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/buerger-hastaligi-risk-gruplari.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/buerger-hastaligi-risk-gruplari-320x213.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2304\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">buerger&#8217;s disease risk groups<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Buerger&#8217;s Disease usually behaves selectively and targets a specific profile. The disease is most common in young and middle-aged men under 45-50 years of age. Individuals who smoke more than one pack of cigarettes a day or who have smoked tobacco for many years are at greatest risk. The age of first onset of symptoms is usually in the 30s. It is very rare in women and older people.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, this picture has started to change in recent years. Unfortunately, with the increase in smoking among women, the number of female Buerger&#8217;s patients is also increasing. This makes it painfully clear that the main determinant of the development of the disease is not gender, but tobacco use.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The geographical distribution of the disease is also quite striking. Although it can occur anywhere in the world, it is much more common in the Mediterranean basin, Middle East and Far East countries (such as Japan, Korea, India). In Western Europe and North America, the incidence is much lower. These geographical differences suggest that, in addition to smoking habits, a genetic predisposition may play a role in the onset of the disease. Everyone&#8217;s genetic heritage is different, and some genetic make-ups may make a person more vulnerable to the destructive effect of tobacco on blood vessels.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>What are the causes of Buerger&#8217;s Disease and what is the most important risk factor?<\/b><\/h2>\n[embedyt] https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wluFL3R38zQ[\/embedyt]\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is no single, definitive answer to why Buerger&#8217;s Disease begins. But in the midst of all the uncertainties, there is one fact that the scientific community agrees on and has repeatedly underlined: Tumor. The absolute number one culprit in the emergence and progression of Buerger&#8217;s Disease is tobacco and all tobacco-containing products.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main factors thought to play a role in the development of this disease are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cigarette<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Puro<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pipe<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hookah<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rolled or chewed tobacco<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cannabis<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The question of why, when millions of people use tobacco, only a select group develops the disease raises other potential factors. Some conditions on top of tobacco use may predispose to the onset of the disease. These additional factors are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Genetic predisposition<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abnormal response of the immune system<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chronic gum diseases<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We can think of this table as a formula: Heavy tobacco use Individual predisposition (genetic or immunological) = Buerger&#8217;s Disease. So tobacco is the spark that lights the fuse, but how full the powder keg is depends on the individual&#8217;s own biological makeup. Avoiding tobacco therefore means eliminating the most important variable in this dangerous equation.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>What are the symptoms of Buerger&#8217;s Disease and what symptoms does it cause?<\/b><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6591\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6591\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-6591\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/buerger-hastaligi-suat-doganci-640x370.webp\" alt=\"ilerlemi\u00c5\u009f Buerger Hastal\u00c4\u00b1\u00c4\u009f\u00c4\u00b1 foto\u00c4\u009fraf\u00c4\u00b1\" width=\"640\" height=\"370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/buerger-hastaligi-suat-doganci-640x370.webp 640w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/buerger-hastaligi-suat-doganci-768x444.webp 768w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/buerger-hastaligi-suat-doganci-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/buerger-hastaligi-suat-doganci-320x185.webp 320w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/buerger-hastaligi-suat-doganci.webp 830w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6591\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">photo of advanced Buerger&#8217;s Disease<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Buerger&#8217;s Disease usually makes its presence felt gradually. Symptoms may be mild and vague at first, but over time they become more severe and seriously impair quality of life. Separating the symptoms of early and advanced stages of the disease will make the situation more understandable.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early symptoms that appear in the early stages of the disease and should be recognized as alarm bells include the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Numbness of fingers and toes<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pins and needles or tingling sensation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whitening, bruising and subsequent reddening of the fingers when exposed to cold or stress (Raynaud&#8217;s phenomenon)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pain, especially in the sole or arch of the foot, that starts with walking and goes away with rest<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The appearance of a red, hard and painful vascular strip on the legs or arms, close to the surface of the skin<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These first symptoms can often be dismissed with thoughts such as &#8220;it&#8217;s fatigue&#8221; or &#8220;I&#8217;ve smoked&#8221;. However, if these complaints occur, especially in a young smoker, they should be taken as a call for vascular help and a specialist should be consulted.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the disease is left untreated and the person continues to smoke, the picture becomes much more severe. Symptoms in the later stages indicate the onset of tissue damage:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rest pain<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Self-opening, very painful and unhealing sores (ulcers) on the tips of the fingers or nail edges<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blackening, loss of sensation and tissue death in the fingers (gangrene)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rest pain is the most important symptom indicating the severity of the disease. This means that the tissues no longer receive enough blood even at rest. The pain is so severe that it often wakes the person from sleep at night and has a burning, throbbing character. Gangrene is a point of no return. The blackened, disfigured finger seen in Buerger&#8217;s disease illustrations is gangrene itself. At this stage, the aim is no longer to save the tissue, but to prevent the spread of infection and a greater loss of limb.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>How is Buerger&#8217;s Disease diagnosed?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diagnosing Buerger&#8217;s Disease is like a detective piecing together clues. Because there is no single blood test or film that shows this disease for sure. The correct diagnosis can only be reached by carefully ruling out all other diseases that can cause similar symptoms. Buerger is therefore considered a &#8220;diagnosis of exclusion&#8221; and the experience of a Cardiovascular Surgeon is vital in this process.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The steps on the path to diagnosis are usually as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Listening to the patient&#8217;s story in detail<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Perform a thorough physical examination<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blood tests to rule out other diseases<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Doppler ultrasound, which measures blood flow in vessels<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Angiography that maps the vessels<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Among these steps, angiography is the most valuable method for confirming the diagnosis. These films, which are taken by injecting a special dye into the vessels, clearly show the thin &#8220;corkscrew&#8221;-like side vessels characteristic of Buerger&#8217;s disease, the congestion in the main vessels and the spread of the disease. When all these findings are combined with the patient&#8217;s age, smoking history and complaints, the diagnosis is confirmed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>How is Buerger&#8217;s Disease treated and why is quitting smoking so important?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This heading contains perhaps the most important message about Buerger&#8217;s Disease. If you suffer from this disease or are at risk, please read this section very carefully. There are various medications, supportive methods and even surgery that have been developed to treat Buerger&#8217;s disease. But none of these can replace the single most important step that forms the basis of treatment: To completely and definitively eliminate tobacco and all products containing nicotine from your life.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is not a recommendation but a treatment. It is one of the scientifically proven methods to stop the progression of the disease, relieve pain and, most importantly, prevent the loss of a limb called amputation. Quitting smoking is as important a medical intervention for a Buerger&#8217;s patient as, if not more important than, taking medication.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why is it so important? Because the chemicals in tobacco are like fuel that constantly ignites the inflammation in your arteries. As long as you keep smoking, the fire in your arteries will not go away. The medicines and the dressings only seem to suppress this fire for a moment, but underneath, the burning continues. Studies show that smoking just one cigarette a day is enough to keep the disease active. Therefore, approaches such as &#8220;cutting down&#8221; or &#8220;switching to lighter cigarettes&#8221; are certainly not a solution. Even nicotine patches and gum are generally not recommended, as they can have a negative effect on the blood vessels due to the nicotine they contain. The solution is a complete and permanent farewell.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We realize that this farewell process can be challenging. But you are not alone on this path. Smoking cessation clinics, specialized doctors and psychologists are ready to offer you the support you need during this process. This is the bravest and truest action you can take, not just to break a habit, but to save your limbs and your future.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Apart from smoking cessation, what medications and supportive therapies are used for Buerger&#8217;s Disease?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although quitting smoking is the mainstay of treatment, a range of additional therapies are used to manage existing symptoms and improve the patient&#8217;s quality of life. Although these treatments do not stop the fire, they help to contain the flames and limit the damage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Buerger&#8217;s disease medicines are usually aimed at improving blood flow and relieving symptoms:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vasodilating drugs<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drugs that prevent clot formation by diluting the blood (such as Aspirin)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prostaglandins, which are administered intravenously and have a strong vasodilating effect, especially in severe cases<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Various painkillers to control severe pain<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Appropriate antibiotics if infection develops in the wounds.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If arterial nutrition is completely disrupted, it is impossible for these drugs to work and the pain to stop. Therefore, if there is a wound and infection in the foot, pain and infection persist because there is no arterial flow and the drugs cannot reach the tissue <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c2 On the other hand, there are some important points that the patient should pay attention to in their daily life and support the treatment:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Professional care and dressing of wounds<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Careful protection of hands and feet from cold<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avoiding blows and injuries to the limbs<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wearing comfortable and wide shoes that do not obstruct blood circulation <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Each of these supportive therapies makes sense when combined with smoking cessation and helps the patient lead a more comfortable life.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>What surgical interventions may be required in advanced cases of Buerger&#8217;s Disease?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>If Buerger&#8217;s Disease is diagnosed early or late, the only surgical treatment is a sympathectomy. For the feet, a lumbar sympathectomy is performed and the sympathetic nerves that cause involuntary contraction of the vessels are cut, providing some relaxation of the vessels and increased blood flow. It is especially useful in reducing pain. In the long term, improvement is seen due to increased capillary flow.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Burger&#8217;s disease, the vein should never be entered. Because it causes thrombosis of the formed side capillaries and increases the level of amputation, exacerbating the pain and accelerating necrosis and gangrene.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bypass surgery is rarely an option in Buerger&#8217;s disease. Because it is often not possible to find a healthy target vessel to bypass, i.e. a healthy target vessel into which the blood is diverted.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unfortunately, in patients who have had a late and untimely sympathectomy, and if the vessel wall and capillaries have been destroyed in order to open the vessel with an interventional wire, gangrene progresses rapidly, the infection cannot be controlled and the pain intensifies. In this case, the amputation may become inevitable. Amputation is a mandatory procedure to remove dead tissue and prevent the infection from spreading throughout the body and threatening the patient&#8217;s life. It should be remembered that any surgical intervention in a patient who continues to smoke is doomed to fail and may lead the patient to a worse end, namely an amputation at a higher level.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Surgery to remove the influence of the sympathetic nerves in order to stimulate vasodilation to reduce pain and increase circulation in Buerger&#8217;s disease.SEMPATECTOMY.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indications<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Severe rest pain<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Wounds, ulcers and gangrene of the fingers <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Application Zone<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Usually lumbar sympathectomy (in patients with lower extremity involvement)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Sometimes thoracic sympathectomy (if upper limb involvement is present)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Surgical Methods<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Minimally invasive lumbar sympathectomy<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Type of Anesthesia<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">General<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Impacts<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Dilation of blood vessels (vasodilation)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Increase in skin temperature<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Disappearance of severe ischemic pain<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Complications<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; No complications in experienced hands.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Efficacy Status<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It relieves symptoms at a rate of -95% <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alternative Approaches<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Medical treatment (iloprost, antiplatelets) is given out of desperation but is of no use. This is because the vascular lumen is occluded by the soft socket and the medicine cannot reach it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Amputation (in advanced stage)-Loss of limb is not considered an alternative as it is an unpredictable condition.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><b>Are there any experimental or new treatment prospects for Buerger&#8217;s Disease?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yes, the medical world is constantly working on new treatments that may offer hope for challenging conditions like Buerger&#8217;s Disease. Although they have not yet become standard treatment, there are some experimental methods that have the potential to make a significant difference in the future.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Root cell treatment<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therapeutic angiogenesis (treatments that stimulate new vessel formation)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In stem cell therapy, cells taken from the patient&#8217;s own bone marrow or fat tissue are injected into the limb with impaired blood supply. These cells are thought to trigger the formation of new, healthy blood vessels in the area. Unfortunately, these procedures do not help and may delay sympathectomy surgery and cause the patient to lose a limb. Initial results are quite disappointing. At the moment, these treatments are mostly used in large research hospitals and on patients who meet certain criteria. But they are certain to play an important role in the future of Buerger treatment.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Is Buerger&#8217;s Disease fatal and what is the course of the disease?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is one of the biggest questions patients and their relatives have: Is Buerger&#8217;s disease fatal? The answer to this question is, with great relief, usually &#8220;no&#8221;. Buerger&#8217;s Disease is not a disease that leads directly to death, except in very rare cases of visceral involvement. However, even if the disease itself does not kill, the consequences (uncontrolled pain, wounds that do not heal, loss of limbs) can turn a person&#8217;s life into a nightmare. So even if the disease is not fatal, it can be extremely disruptive to quality of life.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The long-term course of the disease and the cure of Buerger&#8217;s disease depends entirely on the path the patient chooses. You have two options in this regard, there is no third way.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pathway One: The patient breaks all ties with cigarettes on the day he or she learns of the diagnosis. From the moment he or she makes this decision, the progression of the disease is largely halted. The inflammatory process in the vessels subsides. Over time, the pain subsides, wounds have a chance to heal and, most importantly, the risk of amputation is minimized. Although the disease is not completely eradicated from the body, it turns into a dormant, controlled disease.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Second Way: The patient continues to smoke despite all warnings. In this case, the disease remains active and aggressive. Each cigarette is like a log thrown into the fire in the blood vessels. The pain intensifies, new and deeper wounds are opened, existing wounds rapidly progress to gangrene. And the end of this path, unfortunately, is usually recurrent and increasingly proximal (higher) amputations.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After Buerger&#8217;s Disease Surgery (Sympathectomy)<\/span><\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Progression of Renewal<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Average 7-10 days <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Purpose of Treatment<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increasing finger and limb circulation, reducing pain, preventing amputation.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Physical Activity<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early mobilization is recommended; circulation-enhancing walks are beneficial.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drug Use<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Painkillers, vasodilators and, if necessary, antiplatelet therapy may be used.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wound Care<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Surgical incision sites should be kept clean; signs of infection should be carefully monitored.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Complications<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rare ;Compensatory sweating, nerve damage, ineffective outcome, Horner&#8217;s syndrome (in thoracic applications).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Circulatory Monitoring<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An increase in temperature and a decrease in pain in the fingers is expected; symptoms may recur in patients who have had the vein intervened intervention.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nutrition<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A balanced diet that supports circulation is recommended; there are no special restrictions.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Smoking and Alcohol<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Smoking should be stopped; sympathetic block is ineffective if continued.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sexual Activity<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the physical condition is suitable, it can usually be started within 1-2 weeks.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Psychological Support<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Psychological support is recommended due to chronic pain, risk of limb loss and lifestyle changes.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tool Use<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If reflexes and mobility are adequate, it can usually be started within 1 week.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Controls<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vascular surgery and neurology follow-up is recommended in the first month and thereafter according to symptoms.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- Shortcode [comment-price-doctor] does not exist -->\n<h2 class=\"accordion_title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><div class=\"accordion\">\n\t<div id=\"accordion-378155357\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-378155357-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-is-buerger&#039;s-disease-fatal?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-378155357-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\">Is Buerger's disease fatal?<\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-378155357-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-378155357-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>No, Buerger&#8217;s disease is not directly fatal. However, it can lead to sores on the fingers, hands and feet due to vascular occlusion, and in advanced cases gangrene. If smoking continues and gangrene develops, serious infections (sepsis) can be life-threatening. The main risk lies in the complications caused by the disease. Quitting smoking largely eliminates this risk.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1922840238\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1922840238-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-is-it-possible-to-get-rid-of-buerger&#039;s-disease?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1922840238-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\">Is it possible to get rid of Buerger's disease?<\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1922840238-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1922840238-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Yes! First of all, quitting smoking completely is the most important way to stop the progression of the disease. Sympathectomy surgery can also reduce symptoms and stop the disease, especially when performed early. Early intervention can improve quality of life.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-187585099\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-187585099-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-does-buerger&#039;s-go-away-when-you-stop-smoking?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-187585099-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\">Does Buerger's go away when you stop smoking?<\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-187585099-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-187585099-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>When you stop smoking, the disease stops progressing. Although existing vascular damage is permanent, new wounds do not form and pain is reduced. A life without smoking puts the disease to sleep and virtually eliminates the risk of amputation (loss of a limb). Continuing to smoke significantly increases the risks.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2295159825\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2295159825-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-is-buerger&#039;s-disease-gangrene?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2295159825-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\">Is Buerger's disease gangrene?<\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2295159825-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2295159825-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>No, Buerger&#8217;s disease does not directly cause gangrene, but it can lead to gangrene. As a result of blood vessel blockage, tissues do not receive enough blood and oxygen, which can result in tissue death (gangrene) of the fingers or feet. If left untreated and continued smoking, the worst outcome can be gangrene and loss of limbs.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3084608037\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3084608037-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-at-what-age-does-buerger&#039;s-disease-occur?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3084608037-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\">At what age does Buerger's disease occur?<\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3084608037-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3084608037-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>It usually occurs in young and middle-aged men between 20 and 45 years of age. It is rarer in women. Buerger&#8217;s disease should be suspected, especially in heavy smokers and if there are signs of circulatory disorders in the hands and feet.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2696014873\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2696014873-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-is-buerger&#039;s-disease-leg-amputated?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2696014873-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\">Is Buerger's disease leg amputated?<\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2696014873-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2696014873-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>There is a risk of limb loss (amputation) in Buerger&#8217;s disease, but this occurs in people who do not quit smoking and whose disease is advanced. In patients who quit smoking completely, this risk is almost zero. Amputation only becomes mandatory if irreversible gangrene develops. The decision is entirely in your hands!<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3255778512\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3255778512-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-is-the-buerger-test-performed?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3255778512-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\">How is the Buerger test performed?<\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3255778512-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3255778512-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>There is no single specific test for Buerger&#8217;s disease. The diagnosis is based on history, physical examination, angiography and blood tests. Angiography provides a clear picture of vascular occlusion. Blood tests are also done to rule out similar diseases.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1808701372\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1808701372-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-which-department-treats-buerger&#039;s-disease?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1808701372-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\">Which department treats Buerger's disease?<\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1808701372-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1808701372-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Cardiovascular Surgery is responsible for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of Buerger&#8217;s disease. This is the department to turn to if you suffer from poor circulation, unhealing wounds or pain in the hands or feet. Rheumatology may also be consulted if necessary, but cardiovascular surgeons are the main follow-up specialists.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" >Blog Yaz\u0131lar\u0131<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n  \n    <div class=\"row large-columns-4 medium-columns-1 small-columns-1\" >\n  <div class=\"col post-item\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box box-default box-text-bottom box-blog-post has-hover\">\n            \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-image\" >\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-hastaliklari-nelerdir\/\" class=\"plain\" aria-label=\"Heart Disease: Types, Causes, and Symptoms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"557\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kalp-hastaliklari-nedenleri.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"Kalp Hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n Sebepleri\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kalp-hastaliklari-nedenleri.jpg 621w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kalp-hastaliklari-nedenleri-320x230.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 557px) 100vw, 557px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n          \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text text-center\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text-inner blog-post-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"post-title is-large \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-hastaliklari-nelerdir\/\" class=\"plain\">Heart Disease: Types, Causes, and Symptoms<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"from_the_blog_excerpt \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHeart diseases are conditions that impair the structure and function of the heart, leading to [...]\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge absolute top post-date badge-outline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-day\">27<\/span><br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-month is-xsmall\">Aug<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"col post-item\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box box-default box-text-bottom box-blog-post has-hover\">\n            \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-image\" >\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-nasil-calisir\/\" class=\"plain\" aria-label=\"How the Heart Works\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"711\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ameliyatsiz-Kalp-Kapagi-Degisimi-TAVI-711x400.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ameliyatsiz-Kalp-Kapagi-Degisimi-TAVI-711x400.jpg 711w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ameliyatsiz-Kalp-Kapagi-Degisimi-TAVI-1400x788.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ameliyatsiz-Kalp-Kapagi-Degisimi-TAVI-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ameliyatsiz-Kalp-Kapagi-Degisimi-TAVI-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ameliyatsiz-Kalp-Kapagi-Degisimi-TAVI.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 711px) 100vw, 711px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n          \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text text-center\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text-inner blog-post-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"post-title is-large \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-nasil-calisir\/\" class=\"plain\">How the Heart Works<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"from_the_blog_excerpt \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThe heart functions as a muscular pump that circulates blood throughout the body. It consists [...]\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge absolute top post-date badge-outline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-day\">27<\/span><br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-month is-xsmall\">Aug<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"col post-item\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box box-default box-text-bottom box-blog-post has-hover\">\n            \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-image\" >\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-ameliyati-kac-saat-surer\/\" class=\"plain\" aria-label=\"How Many Hours Does Heart Valve Surgery Take?\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"565\" height=\"349\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/kalp-kapak-ameliyati-ne-kadar-surer.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"Kalp Kapak Ameliyat\u0131 Ne Kadar S\u00fcrer?\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/kalp-kapak-ameliyati-ne-kadar-surer.png 565w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/kalp-kapak-ameliyati-ne-kadar-surer-320x198.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 565px) 100vw, 565px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n          \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text text-center\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text-inner blog-post-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"post-title is-large \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-ameliyati-kac-saat-surer\/\" class=\"plain\">How Many Hours Does Heart Valve Surgery Take?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"from_the_blog_excerpt \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHeart valve surgery duration varies depending on the complexity of the case and the valve [...]\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge absolute top post-date badge-outline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-day\">27<\/span><br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-month is-xsmall\">Aug<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"col post-item\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box box-default box-text-bottom box-blog-post has-hover\">\n            \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-image\" >\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/bypass-ameliyati-ne-kadar-surer\/\" class=\"plain\" aria-label=\"How long does coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery take?\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"533\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/profesor-doktor-yavuz-besogul-18-640x480.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"bypass ameliyat\u0131 s\u00fcresi\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/profesor-doktor-yavuz-besogul-18-640x480.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/profesor-doktor-yavuz-besogul-18-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/profesor-doktor-yavuz-besogul-18-320x240.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/profesor-doktor-yavuz-besogul-18-540x405.jpeg 540w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/profesor-doktor-yavuz-besogul-18.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n          \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text text-center\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text-inner blog-post-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"post-title is-large \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/bypass-ameliyati-ne-kadar-surer\/\" class=\"plain\">How long does coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery take?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"from_the_blog_excerpt \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCoronary bypass surgery duration depends on the number of blocked arteries and patient-specific factors. On [...]\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge absolute top post-date badge-outline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-day\">27<\/span><br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-month is-xsmall\">Aug<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"col post-item\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box box-default box-text-bottom box-blog-post has-hover\">\n            \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-image\" >\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-degisimi-hangi-durumlarda-yapilir\/\" class=\"plain\" aria-label=\"Kalp Kapak De\u011fi\u015fimi Ameliyat\u0131 Nedir? Kalp Kapak De\u011fi\u015fimi Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"477\" height=\"301\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/kalp-kapakcigi-degisimi.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"kalp kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimi\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/kalp-kapakcigi-degisimi.png 477w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/kalp-kapakcigi-degisimi-320x202.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 477px) 100vw, 477px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n          \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text text-center\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text-inner blog-post-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"post-title is-large \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-degisimi-hangi-durumlarda-yapilir\/\" class=\"plain\">Kalp Kapak De\u011fi\u015fimi Ameliyat\u0131 Nedir? Kalp Kapak De\u011fi\u015fimi Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"from_the_blog_excerpt \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKalp kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimi, kapaklar\u0131n ileri derecede daralmas\u0131 (stenoz) veya yetersiz kapanmas\u0131 (yetmezlik) durumlar\u0131nda, onar\u0131m\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn [...]\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge absolute top post-date badge-outline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-day\">27<\/span><br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-month is-xsmall\">Aug<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"col post-item\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box box-default box-text-bottom box-blog-post has-hover\">\n            \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-image\" >\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/\" class=\"plain\" aria-label=\"Kalp Kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tamiri ve Kalp Kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 De\u011fi\u015fimi Aras\u0131ndaki Fark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"501\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/mitral-kapak-ameliyati.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"Mitral kapak yetmezli\u011fi belirtileri\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/mitral-kapak-ameliyati.png 515w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/mitral-kapak-ameliyati-320x255.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n          \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text text-center\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text-inner blog-post-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"post-title is-large \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/\" class=\"plain\">Kalp Kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tamiri ve Kalp Kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 De\u011fi\u015fimi Aras\u0131ndaki Fark<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"from_the_blog_excerpt \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKalp kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 tamiri, mevcut kapa\u011f\u0131n korunarak yap\u0131sal bozukluklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesi i\u015flemidir. Kapak yaprak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131, kordonlar\u0131 veya halka [...]\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge absolute top post-date badge-outline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-day\">27<\/span><br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-month is-xsmall\">Aug<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"col post-item\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box box-default box-text-bottom box-blog-post has-hover\">\n            \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-image\" >\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-ameliyati-sonrasi-yasam\/\" class=\"plain\" aria-label=\"Life After Heart Valve Surgery\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"613\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/kalp-kapak-ameliyati-sonrasi.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"alp Kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ameliyat\u0131 Sonras\u0131\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/kalp-kapak-ameliyati-sonrasi.png 615w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/kalp-kapak-ameliyati-sonrasi-320x209.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 613px) 100vw, 613px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n          \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text text-center\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text-inner blog-post-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"post-title is-large \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-ameliyati-sonrasi-yasam\/\" class=\"plain\">Life After Heart Valve Surgery<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"from_the_blog_excerpt \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLife after heart valve surgery involves a structured recovery period, with gradual improvement in physical [...]\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge absolute top post-date badge-outline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-day\">27<\/span><br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-month is-xsmall\">Aug<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"col post-item\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box box-default box-text-bottom box-blog-post has-hover\">\n            \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-image\" >\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/hipertrofik-kardiyomiyopati\/\" class=\"plain\" aria-label=\"Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Symptoms &#038; Treatment\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"358\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Hipertrofik-Kardiyomiyopati-640x358.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"Hipertrofik Kardiyomiyopati\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Hipertrofik-Kardiyomiyopati-640x358.jpg 640w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Hipertrofik-Kardiyomiyopati-768x430.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Hipertrofik-Kardiyomiyopati-320x179.jpg 320w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Hipertrofik-Kardiyomiyopati.jpg 1165w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n          \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text text-center\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text-inner blog-post-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"post-title is-large \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/hipertrofik-kardiyomiyopati\/\" class=\"plain\">Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Symptoms &#038; Treatment<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"from_the_blog_excerpt \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic heart disease characterized by abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, [...]\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge absolute top post-date badge-outline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-day\">27<\/span><br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-month is-xsmall\">Aug<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Buerger&#8217;s disease, medically known as thromboangiitis obliterans, is a serious vascular disease that usually affects young men who smoke. It affects small and medium-sized arteries and veins, causing inflammation and congestion. Symptoms of Buerger&#8217;s disease include coldness, pain, numbness, bruising in the hands and feet, and a feeling of limping due to increased pain when [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":9466,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-blank-title-center.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11353","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11353","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11353"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11353\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11772,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11353\/revisions\/11772"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11353"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}