{"id":11355,"date":"2019-01-14T10:31:36","date_gmt":"2019-01-14T07:31:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/pulmoner-kapak-ameliyati\/"},"modified":"2025-09-02T12:10:19","modified_gmt":"2025-09-02T09:10:19","slug":"pulmoner-kapak-ameliyati","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/pulmoner-kapak-ameliyati\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Pulmonary Valve? Insufficiency, Stenosis and Surgery"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pulmonary valve surgery is performed to repair or replace a dysfunctional valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. It ensures proper blood flow from the heart to the lungs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indications for pulmonary valve surgery include congenital defects, valve stenosis, and regurgitation. These conditions can impair cardiopulmonary function if untreated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Surgical techniques involve valve repair, mechanical or biological valve replacement, depending on patient age and condition. Minimally invasive methods are increasingly preferred.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Postoperative care after pulmonary valve surgery includes anticoagulation therapy, infection prevention, and regular follow-ups. These measures support long-term recovery and valve function.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Definition<\/td>\n<td>Surgical or interventional treatment of pulmonary valve dysfunctions such as stenosis or insufficiency.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Indications<\/td>\n<td>Severe pulmonary valve insufficiency or stenosis, right ventricular dysfunction, exercise intolerance, arrhythmia, residual lesions after tetralogy of Fallot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Surgical Methods<\/td>\n<td>Open surgery (mechanical or bioprosthetic valve replacement), minimally invasive surgery (valve replacement through small incision), transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Endovascular Methods<\/td>\n<td>Percutaneous pulmonary valve replacement (PPVR), especially in patients with previous conduit placement or bioprosthetic valve dysfunction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cover Options<\/td>\n<td>Mechanical valves (require lifelong anticoagulation), bioprosthetic valves (limited lifespan, usually 10-15 years)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Complications<\/td>\n<td>Bleeding, infection, valve dysfunction, arrhythmia, thrombosis, pulmonary artery stenosis, valve migration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Postoperative Follow-up<\/td>\n<td>Regular echocardiography controls, anticoagulant therapy compliance, infective endocarditis prophylaxis, lifestyle modifications<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Long Term Follow-up<\/td>\n<td>Monitoring of valve function, evaluation of right ventricular function, re-intervention planning if necessary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_87 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Yaz\u0131 \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#Where_is_the_Heart_Valve\" >Where is the Heart Valve?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#123-4_Degree_Pulmonary_Valve_Insufficiency\" >1,2,3-4 Degree Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#1_Degree_Light\" >1. Degree (Light)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#2_Grade_Medium\" >2. Grade (Medium)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#3_Grade_Intermediate-advanced\" >3. Grade (Intermediate-advanced)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#4_Degree_Advanced\" >4. Degree (Advanced)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#Pulmonary_Valve_Replacement\" >Pulmonary Valve Replacement<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#Pulmonary_Valve_Disease_Treatment_Methods\" >Pulmonary Valve Disease Treatment Methods<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#Things_to_Consider_After_Pulmonary_Valve_Surgery\" >Things to Consider After Pulmonary Valve Surgery<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#Symptoms_that_occur_in_pulmonary_valve_diseases_due_to_stenosis_or_insufficiency_are_as_follows\" >Symptoms that occur in pulmonary valve diseases due to stenosis or insufficiency are as follows:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions\" >Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#What_is_a_pulmonary_valve\" >What is a pulmonary valve?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#Which_problems_with_the_pulmonary_valve_require_surgery\" >Which problems with the pulmonary valve require surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#Why_is_pulmonary_valve_surgery_performed\" >Why is pulmonary valve surgery performed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#Who_undergoes_pulmonary_valve_surgery\" >Who undergoes pulmonary valve surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#How_is_pulmonary_valve_surgery_performed\" >How is pulmonary valve surgery performed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#Prefer_valve_repair_or_replacement\" >Prefer valve repair or replacement?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#What_is_the_difference_between_mechanical_and_biological_valve\" >What is the difference between mechanical and biological valve?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#How_long_does_the_surgery_take\" >How long does the surgery take?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#Is_pulmonary_valve_surgery_risky\" >Is pulmonary valve surgery risky?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#What_is_the_recovery_process_after_surgery\" >What is the recovery process after surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#What_should_be_considered_after_surgery\" >What should be considered after surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#Is_reoperation_necessary_after_pulmonary_valve_replacement\" >Is reoperation necessary after pulmonary valve replacement?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#Can_I_do_sports_after_pulmonary_valve_surgery\" >Can I do sports after pulmonary valve surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#Is_this_surgery_common_in_congenital_heart_disease\" >Is this surgery common in congenital heart disease?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#Which_doctor_should_I_consult\" >Which doctor should I consult?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/#Blog_Yazilari\" >Blog Yaz\u0131lar\u0131<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Where_is_the_Heart_Valve\"><\/span>Where is the Heart Valve?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1305\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1305\" style=\"width: 493px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1305\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/pulmoner-kapak-hastaligi.png\" alt=\"Pulmoner Kapak Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131\" width=\"493\" height=\"285\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/pulmoner-kapak-hastaligi.png 493w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/pulmoner-kapak-hastaligi-320x185.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 493px) 100vw, 493px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1305\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pulmonary Valve Disease<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The pulmonary valve is a 3-leaflet valve at the beginning of the vein that sends dirty blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. It ensures that the blood flows in the right direction and does not escape back to the heart. Problems such as pulmonary valve stenosis and pulmonary valve insufficiency can occur. Pulmonary valve diseases are mostly congenital. Absence of a pulmonary valve and pulmonary valve stenosis are the most common problems. Depending on the condition of the problem in the pulmonary valve, pulmonary valve repair or pulmonary valve replacement are among the treatment options.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"123-4_Degree_Pulmonary_Valve_Insufficiency\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1,2,3-4 Degree Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The degrees of tricuspid regurgitation are as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Degree_Light\"><\/span><b>1. Degree (Light)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mild blood leakage.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Small jet area on echocardiography.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Usually asymptomatic, follow-up is sufficient.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Grade_Medium\"><\/span><b>2. Grade (Medium)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Significant jet flow is observed, but right heart enlargement is absent or minimal.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There may be mild symptoms during exertion (fatigue, mild shortness of breath).<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regular follow-up is required.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Grade_Intermediate-advanced\"><\/span><b>3. Grade (Intermediate-advanced)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jet flow is marked and enlargement of the right heart begins.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The patient develops edema, weakness and decreased effort capacity.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drug treatment and close follow-up is recommended. Surgical intervention may be considered.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Degree_Advanced\"><\/span><b>4. Degree (Advanced)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Severe back leakage, marked enlargement of the right heart chambers and loss of function.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Symptoms of severe right heart failure (severe edema, enlarged liver, shortness of breath, rapid fatigue).<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Surgical intervention (valve repair or replacement) is usually unavoidable. It requires urgent treatment.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pulmonary_Valve_Replacement\"><\/span>Pulmonary Valve Replacement<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Pulmonary valve replacement is the replacement of the pulmonary valve with biological or mechanical artificial valves in cases where the patient&#8217;s pulmonary valve stenosis and insufficiency cannot be resolved by repair. It may be necessary to replace the valve in cases such as severe backward leakage or severe stenosis of the heart valves, sometimes both together, severe calcification of the valve, clots in front of the valve, heart rhythm disorders.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pulmonary_Valve_Disease_Treatment_Methods\"><\/span>Pulmonary Valve Disease Treatment Methods<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Stenosis of the pulmonary valve can be corrected with balloon application from the groin if the valve is suitable. In the absence, severe stenosis and insufficiency of the pulmonary valve, pulmonary replacement is required. In the treatment of pulmonary valve diseases, the heart valve is sometimes repaired and sometimes completely replaced with advanced techniques. This is done with minimally invasive surgical techniques, with a small incision of 4 centimeters in the side, under the arm, or if the lungs are bad, with a small incision of 4-5 centimeters in the front to repair or replace the heart valve.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Things_to_Consider_After_Pulmonary_Valve_Surgery\"><\/span>Things to Consider After Pulmonary Valve Surgery<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>One of the most important issues after pulmonary valve surgery and replacement is the regular use of blood thinners as recommended by the physician. While the use of blood thinners in biological valve replacement is 3 months, in mechanical valve replacement, patients should use blood thinners for life. In cases such as surgical interventions due to another disease, it is important for the patient to contact the cardiologist and take preventive measures against infection. In addition, the patient should have regular medical check-ups to monitor the heart and heart valve.<\/p>\n<p>Since pulmonary valve diseases can cause heart failure, early diagnosis and treatment is extremely important.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Shortness of breath<\/li>\n<li>Fatigue<\/li>\n<li>Palpitations<\/li>\n<li>Arrhythmia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The definitive diagnostic test for pulmonary valve disease is ultrasound of the heart, i.e. echocardiography.<\/p>\n<p>Pulmonary valve diseases can be caused by<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is usually congenital.<\/li>\n<li>Rheumatic pulmonary valve involvement may rarely cause pulmonary valve disease.<\/li>\n<li>Distortion of the pulmonary valve leaflets as a result of pulmonary vasodilation due to pulmonary tension<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Symptoms_that_occur_in_pulmonary_valve_diseases_due_to_stenosis_or_insufficiency_are_as_follows\"><\/span>Symptoms that occur in pulmonary valve diseases due to stenosis or insufficiency are as follows:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Shortness of breath<\/li>\n<li>Quick fatigue<\/li>\n<li>Palpitations<\/li>\n<li>Arrhythmia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"accordion_title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><div class=\"accordion\">\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2538211691\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2538211691-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-is-a-pulmonary-valve?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2538211691-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_pulmonary_valve\"><\/span>What is a pulmonary valve?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2538211691-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2538211691-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>The pulmonary valve is the valve between the right ventricle of the heart and the pulmonary artery to the lungs that prevents blood from escaping backwards.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1808744277\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1808744277-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-which-problems-with-the-pulmonary-valve-require-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1808744277-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_problems_with_the_pulmonary_valve_require_surgery\"><\/span>Which problems with the pulmonary valve require surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1808744277-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1808744277-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Conditions such as severe stenosis or insufficiency of the pulmonary valve may require surgical intervention.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-193605649\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-193605649-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-why-is-pulmonary-valve-surgery-performed?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-193605649-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_is_pulmonary_valve_surgery_performed\"><\/span>Why is pulmonary valve surgery performed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-193605649-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-193605649-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>It is done to ensure adequate blood supply to the lungs, reduce the burden on the heart and protect heart function.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-990169452\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-990169452-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-who-undergoes-pulmonary-valve-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-990169452-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Who_undergoes_pulmonary_valve_surgery\"><\/span>Who undergoes pulmonary valve surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-990169452-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-990169452-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>It can be applied to children with congenital heart disease, adults with valve deformity and patients with advanced valve dysfunction.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3404324652\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3404324652-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-is-pulmonary-valve-surgery-performed?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3404324652-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_is_pulmonary_valve_surgery_performed\"><\/span>How is pulmonary valve surgery performed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3404324652-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3404324652-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>It is performed as valve repair or valve replacement. It is sometimes performed through open heart surgery and sometimes through a catheter.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2128689102\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2128689102-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-prefer-valve-repair-or-replacement?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2128689102-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prefer_valve_repair_or_replacement\"><\/span>Prefer valve repair or replacement?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2128689102-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2128689102-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Repair is preferred if possible. However, if the valve is severely damaged, it is replaced with a mechanical or biological valve.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-178776755\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-178776755-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-is-the-difference-between-mechanical-and-biological-valve?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-178776755-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_difference_between_mechanical_and_biological_valve\"><\/span>What is the difference between mechanical and biological valve?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-178776755-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-178776755-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Mechanical valves are durable but require lifelong blood thinners. Biological valves have a shorter lifespan, but usually do not require blood thinners.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2735436901\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2735436901-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-long-does-the-surgery-take?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2735436901-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_long_does_the_surgery_take\"><\/span>How long does the surgery take?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2735436901-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2735436901-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Valve replacement surgeries usually take 3-5 hours; the duration may vary depending on the patient&#8217;s condition.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3695836113\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3695836113-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-is-pulmonary-valve-surgery-risky?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3695836113-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_pulmonary_valve_surgery_risky\"><\/span>Is pulmonary valve surgery risky?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3695836113-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3695836113-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>There is a risk in every surgical procedure. However, the success rate is high when performed by experienced teams.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3081589593\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3081589593-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-is-the-recovery-process-after-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3081589593-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_recovery_process_after_surgery\"><\/span>What is the recovery process after surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3081589593-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3081589593-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>The hospital stay is usually 5-7 days. Full recovery can take several weeks to months.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3654357053\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3654357053-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-should-be-considered-after-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3654357053-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_should_be_considered_after_surgery\"><\/span>What should be considered after surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3654357053-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3654357053-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Medication under medical supervision, attention to nutrition, regular check-ups and a gradual return to physical activity are important.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3972610923\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3972610923-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-is-reoperation-necessary-after-pulmonary-valve-replacement?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3972610923-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_reoperation_necessary_after_pulmonary_valve_replacement\"><\/span>Is reoperation necessary after pulmonary valve replacement?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3972610923-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3972610923-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Biological valves may wear out over time. Especially in young patients, it may be necessary to change again in the following years.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1250172753\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1250172753-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-can-i-do-sports-after-pulmonary-valve-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1250172753-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_I_do_sports_after_pulmonary_valve_surgery\"><\/span>Can I do sports after pulmonary valve surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1250172753-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1250172753-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Light exercises can be started after surgery with the approval of the doctor. Heavy exercise should be avoided.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3916635042\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3916635042-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-is-this-surgery-common-in-congenital-heart-disease?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3916635042-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_this_surgery_common_in_congenital_heart_disease\"><\/span>Is this surgery common in congenital heart disease?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3916635042-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3916635042-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Yes, pulmonary valve interventions are common in congenital heart diseases such as tetralogy of Fallot.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3432867728\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3432867728-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-which-doctor-should-i-consult?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3432867728-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_doctor_should_I_consult\"><\/span>Which doctor should I consult?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3432867728-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3432867728-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Cardiovascular surgery and pediatric cardiology (in pediatric patients) are the specialties to be consulted in pulmonary valve problems.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"container section-title-container\" ><h2 class=\"section-title section-title-normal\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Blog_Yazilari\"><\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"section-title-main\" >Blog Yaz\u0131lar\u0131<\/span><b aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><\/div>\n\n\n  \n    <div class=\"row large-columns-4 medium-columns-1 small-columns-1\" >\n  <div class=\"col post-item\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box box-default box-text-bottom box-blog-post has-hover\">\n            \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-image\" >\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/what-is-thickening-of-the-heart-muscle-myocardial-hypertrophy\/\" class=\"plain\" aria-label=\"What Is Thickening of the Heart Muscle (Myocardial Hypertrophy)?\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"711\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Kalp-Kasi-Kalinlasmasi-Myokardiyal-Hipertrofi-Nedir-711x400.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Kalp-Kasi-Kalinlasmasi-Myokardiyal-Hipertrofi-Nedir-711x400.jpg 711w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Kalp-Kasi-Kalinlasmasi-Myokardiyal-Hipertrofi-Nedir-1400x788.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Kalp-Kasi-Kalinlasmasi-Myokardiyal-Hipertrofi-Nedir-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Kalp-Kasi-Kalinlasmasi-Myokardiyal-Hipertrofi-Nedir-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Kalp-Kasi-Kalinlasmasi-Myokardiyal-Hipertrofi-Nedir.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 711px) 100vw, 711px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n          \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text text-center\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text-inner blog-post-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"post-title is-large \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/what-is-thickening-of-the-heart-muscle-myocardial-hypertrophy\/\" class=\"plain\">What Is Thickening of the Heart Muscle (Myocardial Hypertrophy)?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"from_the_blog_excerpt \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHeart muscle thickening, medically known as myocardial hypertrophy, is the abnormal growth and increase in [...]\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge absolute top post-date badge-outline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-day\">29<\/span><br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-month is-xsmall\">Apr<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"col post-item\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box box-default box-text-bottom box-blog-post has-hover\">\n            \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-image\" >\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/endocardium-inner-lining-of-the-heart\/\" class=\"plain\" aria-label=\"Endocardium (inner lining of the heart)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"711\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Endokardiyum-kalp-ic-zari-711x400.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Endokardiyum-kalp-ic-zari-711x400.jpg 711w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Endokardiyum-kalp-ic-zari-1400x788.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Endokardiyum-kalp-ic-zari-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Endokardiyum-kalp-ic-zari-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Endokardiyum-kalp-ic-zari.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 711px) 100vw, 711px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n          \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text text-center\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text-inner blog-post-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"post-title is-large \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/endocardium-inner-lining-of-the-heart\/\" class=\"plain\">Endocardium (inner lining of the heart)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"from_the_blog_excerpt \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThe endocardium, also known as the inner lining of the heart, is a thin, smooth, [...]\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge absolute top post-date badge-outline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-day\">29<\/span><br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-month is-xsmall\">Apr<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"col post-item\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box box-default box-text-bottom box-blog-post has-hover\">\n            \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-image\" >\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-hastaliklari-nelerdir\/\" class=\"plain\" aria-label=\"Heart Disease: Types, Causes, and Symptoms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"557\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kalp-hastaliklari-nedenleri.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"Kalp Hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n Sebepleri\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kalp-hastaliklari-nedenleri.jpg 621w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kalp-hastaliklari-nedenleri-320x230.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 557px) 100vw, 557px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n          \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text text-center\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text-inner blog-post-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"post-title is-large \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-hastaliklari-nelerdir\/\" class=\"plain\">Heart Disease: Types, Causes, and Symptoms<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"from_the_blog_excerpt \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHeart diseases are conditions that impair the structure and function of the heart, leading to [...]\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge absolute top post-date badge-outline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-day\">27<\/span><br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-month is-xsmall\">Aug<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"col post-item\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box box-default box-text-bottom box-blog-post has-hover\">\n            \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-image\" >\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-nasil-calisir\/\" class=\"plain\" aria-label=\"How the Heart Works\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"711\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ameliyatsiz-Kalp-Kapagi-Degisimi-TAVI-711x400.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ameliyatsiz-Kalp-Kapagi-Degisimi-TAVI-711x400.jpg 711w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ameliyatsiz-Kalp-Kapagi-Degisimi-TAVI-1400x788.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ameliyatsiz-Kalp-Kapagi-Degisimi-TAVI-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ameliyatsiz-Kalp-Kapagi-Degisimi-TAVI-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ameliyatsiz-Kalp-Kapagi-Degisimi-TAVI.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 711px) 100vw, 711px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n          \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text text-center\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text-inner blog-post-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"post-title is-large \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-nasil-calisir\/\" class=\"plain\">How the Heart Works<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"from_the_blog_excerpt \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThe heart functions as a muscular pump that circulates blood throughout the body. It consists [...]\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge absolute top post-date badge-outline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-day\">27<\/span><br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-month is-xsmall\">Aug<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"col post-item\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box box-default box-text-bottom box-blog-post has-hover\">\n            \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-image\" >\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-ameliyati-kac-saat-surer\/\" class=\"plain\" aria-label=\"How Many Hours Does Heart Valve Surgery Take?\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"565\" height=\"349\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/kalp-kapak-ameliyati-ne-kadar-surer.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"Kalp Kapak Ameliyat\u0131 Ne Kadar S\u00fcrer?\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/kalp-kapak-ameliyati-ne-kadar-surer.png 565w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/kalp-kapak-ameliyati-ne-kadar-surer-320x198.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 565px) 100vw, 565px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n          \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text text-center\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text-inner blog-post-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"post-title is-large \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-ameliyati-kac-saat-surer\/\" class=\"plain\">How Many Hours Does Heart Valve Surgery Take?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"from_the_blog_excerpt \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHeart valve surgery duration varies depending on the complexity of the case and the valve [...]\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge absolute top post-date badge-outline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-day\">27<\/span><br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-month is-xsmall\">Aug<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"col post-item\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box box-default box-text-bottom box-blog-post has-hover\">\n            \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-image\" >\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/bypass-ameliyati-ne-kadar-surer\/\" class=\"plain\" aria-label=\"How long does coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery take?\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"533\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/profesor-doktor-yavuz-besogul-18-640x480.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"bypass ameliyat\u0131 s\u00fcresi\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/profesor-doktor-yavuz-besogul-18-640x480.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/profesor-doktor-yavuz-besogul-18-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/profesor-doktor-yavuz-besogul-18-320x240.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/profesor-doktor-yavuz-besogul-18-540x405.jpeg 540w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/profesor-doktor-yavuz-besogul-18.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n          \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text text-center\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text-inner blog-post-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"post-title is-large \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/bypass-ameliyati-ne-kadar-surer\/\" class=\"plain\">How long does coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery take?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"from_the_blog_excerpt \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCoronary bypass surgery duration depends on the number of blocked arteries and patient-specific factors. On [...]\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge absolute top post-date badge-outline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-day\">27<\/span><br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-month is-xsmall\">Aug<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"col post-item\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box box-default box-text-bottom box-blog-post has-hover\">\n            \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-image\" >\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-degisimi-hangi-durumlarda-yapilir\/\" class=\"plain\" aria-label=\"Kalp Kapak De\u011fi\u015fimi Ameliyat\u0131 Nedir? Kalp Kapak De\u011fi\u015fimi Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"477\" height=\"301\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/kalp-kapakcigi-degisimi.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"kalp kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimi\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/kalp-kapakcigi-degisimi.png 477w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/kalp-kapakcigi-degisimi-320x202.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 477px) 100vw, 477px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n          \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text text-center\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text-inner blog-post-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"post-title is-large \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-degisimi-hangi-durumlarda-yapilir\/\" class=\"plain\">Kalp Kapak De\u011fi\u015fimi Ameliyat\u0131 Nedir? Kalp Kapak De\u011fi\u015fimi Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"from_the_blog_excerpt \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKalp kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimi, kapaklar\u0131n ileri derecede daralmas\u0131 (stenoz) veya yetersiz kapanmas\u0131 (yetmezlik) durumlar\u0131nda, onar\u0131m\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn [...]\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge absolute top post-date badge-outline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-day\">27<\/span><br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-month is-xsmall\">Aug<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"col post-item\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box box-default box-text-bottom box-blog-post has-hover\">\n            \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-image\" >\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"image-cover\" style=\"padding-top:56.25%;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/\" class=\"plain\" aria-label=\"Kalp Kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tamiri ve Kalp Kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 De\u011fi\u015fimi Aras\u0131ndaki Fark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"501\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/mitral-kapak-ameliyati.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"Mitral kapak yetmezli\u011fi belirtileri\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/mitral-kapak-ameliyati.png 515w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/mitral-kapak-ameliyati-320x255.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n  \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n          \t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text text-center\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"box-text-inner blog-post-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"post-title is-large \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/kalp-kapakcigi-tamir-ve-degisim-arasindaki-fark\/\" class=\"plain\">Kalp Kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tamiri ve Kalp Kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 De\u011fi\u015fimi Aras\u0131ndaki Fark<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"from_the_blog_excerpt \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKalp kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 tamiri, mevcut kapa\u011f\u0131n korunarak yap\u0131sal bozukluklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesi i\u015flemidir. Kapak yaprak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131, kordonlar\u0131 veya halka [...]\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge absolute top post-date badge-outline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"badge-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-day\">27<\/span><br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"post-date-month is-xsmall\">Aug<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pulmonary valve surgery is performed to repair or replace a dysfunctional valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. It ensures proper blood flow from the heart to the lungs. Indications for pulmonary valve surgery include congenital defects, valve stenosis, and regurgitation. These conditions can impair cardiopulmonary function if untreated. Surgical techniques involve valve repair, [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-blank-title-center.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11355","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11355","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11355"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11355\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13566,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11355\/revisions\/13566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11355"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}