{"id":11086,"date":"2025-08-27T22:29:43","date_gmt":"2025-08-27T19:29:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/"},"modified":"2025-05-14T18:14:56","modified_gmt":"2025-05-14T15:14:56","slug":"mitral-darlik-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Mitral Valve Stenosis? Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mitral stenosis is the narrowing of the mitral valve opening, which restricts blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. It is most commonly a result of rheumatic heart disease, although congenital and degenerative causes also exist.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hemodynamic consequences of mitral stenosis include elevated left atrial pressure, pulmonary congestion, and reduced cardiac output. Patients may experience fatigue, palpitations, and progressive shortness of breath, especially during exertion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Complications such as atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension, and right heart failure frequently develop in advanced stages. These secondary effects significantly increase morbidity and require close medical monitoring.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treatment approaches range from medical therapy, including diuretics and anticoagulants, to interventional procedures such as balloon valvotomy or surgical valve replacement, depending on disease severity and patient condition.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Causes<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most common cause is rheumatic fever; rarely congenital defects, mitral annular calcification<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Risk Factors<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">History of rheumatic diseases, female gender, low socioeconomic status, previous infections<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Symptoms<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shortness of breath increasing with exertion, palpitations, weakness, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, hemoptysis<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diagnostic Methods<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Opening sound and diastolic murmur on physical examination, echocardiography (the most important diagnostic tool), ECG, chest radiography<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treatment Options<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Medical therapy (diuretics, beta blockers, anticoagulants), minimally invasive mitral valvuloplasty or open valve replacement<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Complications<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Atrial fibrillation, thromboembolism, pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protective Measures<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early treatment of rheumatic fever, prevention of infections, regular cardiologic follow-up<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_424449208\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-2141993227\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-533278752\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\" style=\"background-color:#02288a;\" >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-541941251\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-765162237\" class=\"col medium-4 small-12 large-4\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover border-gorsel x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_631035473\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/yavuz-besogul-banner.jpg\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/yavuz-besogul-banner.jpg 700w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/yavuz-besogul-banner-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/yavuz-besogul-banner-280x280.jpg 280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_631035473 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-765162237 > .col-inner {\n  border-radius: 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-803204405\" class=\"col medium-8 small-12 large-8\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner dark\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 150%;\">Prof. Dr. Yavuz Be\u015fo\u011ful<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>>Turkey\u2019s Cardiovascular Surgery Doctor<\/p>\r\n<div>\r\n<div>Professor Doctor Yavuz Be\u015fo\u011ful is one of the first doctors to perform heart surgeries with minimally invasive methods in cardiovascular surgery since 1997. In Turkey, he published his first patient series on subaxillary (armpit) surgeries in 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004 in national and international scientific congresses and journals, and these were accepted in international and national congresses.<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n\t<div id=\"gap-1123537074\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1123537074 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/prof-dr-yavuz-besogul\/\" class=\"button white lowercase hide-for-small\" style=\"border-radius:15px;\">\n\t\t<span>About<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/iletisim\/\" class=\"button white lowercase hide-for-small\" style=\"border-radius:15px;\">\n\t\t<span>Contact<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row show-for-small\"  id=\"row-128033101\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1153212076\" class=\"col medium-6 small-6 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/prof-dr-yavuz-besogul\/\" class=\"button white lowercase expand\" style=\"border-radius:15px;\">\n\t\t<span>About<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/iletisim\/\" class=\"button white lowercase expand\" style=\"border-radius:15px;\">\n\t\t<span>Contact<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-803204405 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -60px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-533278752 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 30px 15px 1px 15px;\n  border-radius: 20px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #col-533278752 > .col-inner {\n    padding: 30px 30px 1px 30px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_424449208 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Yaz\u0131 \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#What_is_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis_and_How_Does_It_Affect_the_Heart\" >What is Mitral Valve Stenosis and How Does It Affect the Heart?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#What_are_the_Main_Causes_of_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis\" >What are the Main Causes of Mitral Valve Stenosis?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#What_are_the_Symptoms_of_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis\" >What are the Symptoms of Mitral Valve Stenosis?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#How_is_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis_Diagnosed\" >How is Mitral Valve Stenosis Diagnosed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#What_Complications_Can_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis_Lead_to_If_Left_Untreated\" >What Complications Can Mitral Valve Stenosis Lead to If Left Untreated?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#What_are_the_Treatment_Approaches_for_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis\" >What are the Treatment Approaches for Mitral Valve Stenosis?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#Does_Medication_Solve_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis\" >Does Medication Solve Mitral Valve Stenosis?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#When_to_Decide_on_Surgery_for_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis\" >When to Decide on Surgery for Mitral Valve Stenosis?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#Is_Valve_Repair_or_Replacement_Preferred_in_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis_Surgery\" >Is Valve Repair or Replacement Preferred in Mitral Valve Stenosis Surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#What_are_the_Modern_Surgical_Techniques_Used_in_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis_Surgery\" >What are the Modern Surgical Techniques Used in Mitral Valve Stenosis Surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#How_to_Choose_a_Prosthetic_Valve_in_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis_Surgery\" >How to Choose a Prosthetic Valve in Mitral Valve Stenosis Surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#What_awaits_me_during_the_recovery_period_after_mitral_valve_stenosis_surgery\" >What awaits me during the recovery period after mitral valve stenosis surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions\" >Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#What_is_mitral_valve_stenosis\" >What is mitral valve stenosis?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#Why_does_the_mitral_valve_narrow\" >Why does the mitral valve narrow?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#What_are_the_symptoms\" >What are the symptoms?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#How_is_mitral_valve_stenosis_diagnosed\" >How is mitral valve stenosis diagnosed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#In_which_age_group_does_this_disease_occur\" >In which age group does this disease occur?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#Is_mitral_valve_stenosis_dangerous\" >Is mitral valve stenosis dangerous?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#Does_mitral_valve_stenosis_cause_heart_failure\" >Does mitral valve stenosis cause heart failure?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#What_are_the_treatment_options\" >What are the treatment options?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#What_is_mitral_balloon_valvuloplasty\" >What is mitral balloon valvuloplasty?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#Is_mitral_valve_replacement_a_difficult_operation\" >Is mitral valve replacement a difficult operation?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#Do_I_need_lifelong_medication_after_valve_replacement\" >Do I need lifelong medication after valve replacement?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#Does_mitral_valve_stenosis_prevent_sports\" >Does mitral valve stenosis prevent sports?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#Is_mitral_valve_stenosis_risky_during_pregnancy\" >Is mitral valve stenosis risky during pregnancy?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#Is_mitral_valve_stenosis_a_progressive_disease\" >Is mitral valve stenosis a progressive disease?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/mitral-darlik-nedir\/#Which_doctor_should_you_consult\" >Which doctor should you consult?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis_and_How_Does_It_Affect_the_Heart\"><\/span><b>What is Mitral Valve Stenosis and How Does It Affect the Heart?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5403\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5403\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5403\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/mitral-hastalik.jpg\" alt=\"mitral darl\u0131k\" width=\"510\" height=\"233\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/mitral-hastalik.jpg 510w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/mitral-hastalik-320x146.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5403\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">mitral stenosis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Imagine a door on the left side of our heart between the left atrium, where clean blood from the lungs is collected, and the left ventricle, the main chamber that pumps this blood throughout the body. This door is called the mitral valve. Its job is to ensure that blood flows at the right time and in the right direction, i.e. only from the atrium to the ventricle. A healthy mitral valve opens fully with each heartbeat, allowing blood to pass freely, and then closes tightly so that it does not leak.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So what happens when you have mitral valve stenosis? It can be likened to an old door that has rusted over time and the hinges are stuck. No matter how hard you try, the door will not open and it will not open wide. In mitral stenosis, the valves stiffen, thicken and stick together, leading to a narrowing of the valve opening.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This &#8220;stuck door&#8221; negatively affects the functioning of the heart in several ways. First, as blood tries to pass through a narrow opening, it pools behind the door, in the left atrium. This build-up increases the pressure inside the chamber, causing its walls to stretch and expand over time. Second, the heart has to work much harder and contract more strongly than usual to push the blood through this narrow doorway. This is like running a marathon, which exhausts the heart. The third, and perhaps the one that causes us to feel the symptoms the most, is that not enough blood can get to the left ventricle. If the left ventricle, the body&#8217;s main pump, receives too little blood, the amount of oxygen-rich blood pumped to the body and organs is reduced. This is the basis for complaints such as fatigue, weakness and reduced effort capacity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The accumulation of blood in the left atrium also causes a backward pressure in the pulmonary vessels. This condition is called &#8220;pulmonary congestion&#8221; and is the main cause of shortness of breath, especially during exertion or when lying on your back.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_Main_Causes_of_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis\"><\/span>What are the Main Causes of Mitral Valve Stenosis?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding the underlying causes of mitral valve stenosis is crucial to determine the right treatment strategy. Some of these causes are very common, while others are more rare.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most common cause is acute rheumatic fever, which is still important especially in our country. This is an immune system reaction to untreated childhood throat infections caused by the streptococcus bacteria known as &#8220;beta germs&#8221;. In fighting the germ, the body mistakenly attacks its own tissues, especially the heart valves. The mitral valve is the most affected valve. The damage caused by rheumatic fever does not appear immediately. Over the course of many years, a silent process of thickening, hardening and adhesion of the valves progresses. Symptoms usually become apparent 20-30 years after the first infection, in middle age. For this reason, many patients do not realize that their heart problems in adulthood can be caused by a simple sore throat in childhood.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another important cause is age-related valve calcification. Just like our blood vessels, calcium, or lime, can build up on our heart valves with age. this condition, called &#8220;degenerative mitral stenosis&#8221;, is more common in people aged 70 and over and causes the valves to lose their elasticity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other more rare causes include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Congenital valve structure disorders<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Radiotherapy (radiation therapy) applied to the chest area for cancer treatment<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some rheumatic and immune system diseases such as lupus<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Previous valve infections (infective endocarditis)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Knowing the cause directly affects the treatment options. For example, flexible valves due to rheumatic fever usually respond very well to balloon dilatation, while surgery may be the only option in age-related stenosis where calcification is at the forefront.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_Symptoms_of_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis\"><\/span>What are the Symptoms of Mitral Valve Stenosis?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mitral valve stenosis can progress silently for many years without any symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they usually start gradually and become more severe over time. As patients gradually get used to these symptoms, they may take them for granted or accept them as normal, saying &#8220;I am old now&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most common symptoms are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shortness of breath with exertion<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fatigue and weakness more quickly than usual<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Palpitations or heart palpitations<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Swelling in the ankles and legs<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dry cough, especially at night<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feeling of pressure or discomfort in the chest<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dizziness or darkening of the eyes<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most typical of these symptoms is shortness of breath. Initially, this only occurs when climbing stairs or hills, but as the disease progresses, it can be felt while walking in a straight line, even at rest. Some patients wake up at night because of shortness of breath when lying on their backs, or they can only get comfortable when lying high with a few pillows. This is a sign of fluid accumulation in the lungs and indicates that the disease has reached an important stage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Palpitations are usually caused by a rhythm disorder called atrial fibrillation, which is a complication of stenosis. It is felt as an irregular and often rapid beating of the heart. This condition is not only uncomfortable but also increases the risk of stroke and should be taken seriously.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you experience sudden and severe symptoms such as the following, you should seek medical attention immediately:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Severe chest pain<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fainting<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shortness of breath that starts suddenly and does not go away even when you are sitting<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Symptoms of paralysis such as impaired speech, weakness in the arm or leg<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These symptoms may indicate a life-threatening condition.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_is_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis_Diagnosed\"><\/span>How is Mitral Valve Stenosis Diagnosed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5392\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5392\" style=\"width: 469px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5392\" src=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/mitral-kapak-hastaligi-nasil-anlasilir.png\" alt=\"mitral kapak hastaligi nasil anlasilir\" width=\"469\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/mitral-kapak-hastaligi-nasil-anlasilir.png 469w, https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/mitral-kapak-hastaligi-nasil-anlasilir-320x205.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 469px) 100vw, 469px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5392\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">how to recognize mitral valve disease<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If we suspect mitral valve stenosis when we listen to a patient&#8217;s complaints, we perform a series of examinations to confirm the diagnosis and determine the severity of the condition. This process is like putting together the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the first and most important steps is the physical examination. When we listen to the heart with a stethoscope, we can hear very typical sounds characteristic of this disease. The &#8220;opening snap&#8221; of the valve as it opens and the murmur of blood passing through a narrow opening are important clues for an experienced physician.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, the gold standard method that confirms the diagnosis and allows us to plan treatment is Echocardiography (ECHO), an ultrasound of the heart. This painless and harmless test allows us to take a detailed movie of your heart and valves. With ECHO, we can clearly see how thick the valves are, how calcified they are and how far they can open. By measuring the valve area in millimeters, we objectively determine the degree of stenosis (mild, moderate, severe). We also assess the strength of the heart&#8217;s contraction, the condition of other valves and pulmonary pressure.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sometimes when more detailed imaging is needed, especially if we are planning an intervention or surgery, we use the Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) test through the esophagus. Because this test shows the valve much more closely, it is particularly vital in determining whether valve repair is possible and to see for certain whether there is a small clot in the left atrium that could cause paralysis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other ancillary tests we use in the diagnostic process include<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electrocardiogram (ECG)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chest X-ray<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stress ECG or Stress Echocardiography<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cardiac Catheterization (heart angiography)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Complications_Can_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis_Lead_to_If_Left_Untreated\"><\/span>What Complications Can Mitral Valve Stenosis Lead to If Left Untreated?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Untreated mitral valve stenosis can create a domino effect over time, leading to serious and life-threatening problems. These complications clearly show why the disease should be taken seriously.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most common complications that can lead to the most dangerous consequences are the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Atrial Fibrillation: This is when the upper chambers of the heart (atria) lose their normal rhythm and vibrate irregularly and rapidly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blood clot and stroke: During atrial fibrillation, blood pooling in the atria creates an ideal environment for clot formation. A clot fragment can travel through the bloodstream to the brain and block a blood vessel, causing a stroke with permanent disability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pulmonary Hypertension: This is an increase in blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs to dangerous levels. This puts excessive strain on the right side of the heart.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Right Heart Failure: The right side of the heart, which has to constantly work against high pressure, gets tired, weakens and becomes unable to do its job.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pulmonary Edema: It is a severe shortness of breath that occurs as a result of excessive fluid accumulation in the lungs and requires urgent intervention.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_Treatment_Approaches_for_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis\"><\/span>What are the Treatment Approaches for Mitral Valve Stenosis?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is no &#8220;one-size-fits-all&#8221; treatment for mitral valve stenosis. The treatment plan is individually tailored according to many factors such as the severity of the stenosis, the age of the patient, the symptoms and the anatomical structure of the valve. Our aim is to solve the mechanical problem in the door, relieve the heart&#8217;s burden and allow the patient to lead a normal life.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Our basic treatment approaches are categorized under three main headings:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Medication Therapy: It is used to control symptoms and prevent complications.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interventional Methods (Non-Surgical): Balloon valve dilatation (PMBK) is performed in suitable patients.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Surgical Interventions: It includes valve repair or valve replacement surgeries.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Which or which of these options to use is decided jointly by a &#8220;Heart Team&#8221;, usually consisting of a cardiologist and a cardiac surgeon, in consultation with the patient.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Does_Medication_Solve_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis\"><\/span>Does Medication Solve Mitral Valve Stenosis?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is one of the most common questions patients ask and the answer is clear: No. Medication does not correct the mitral valve stenosis itself, that is, the mechanical narrowing of the valve. It does not repair the rusted door. But it plays a vital role in alleviating symptoms and protecting the heart when living with this mechanical problem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main goals of drug treatment are:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Controlling Heart Rate: Medications such as beta blockers slow down the heart rate. This both reduces palpitations and allows the heart to fill more efficiently with each beat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Removing Excess Fluid from the Body: Diuretics (diuretics) relieve shortness of breath and swelling by removing fluid accumulated in the lungs and legs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preventing Clot Formation: Especially in patients who develop atrial fibrillation, the use of blood thinners (anticoagulants) is mandatory to prevent the risk of stroke.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drug therapy is the mainstay of treatment, especially for patients with mild stenosis or who are not suitable for interventional or surgical treatment for any reason. In patients with severe stenosis, it often acts as a bridge to surgery or a balloon procedure.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_to_Decide_on_Surgery_for_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis\"><\/span>When to Decide on Surgery for Mitral Valve Stenosis?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most important factor in deciding on surgery for mitral valve stenosis is the right timing. It is necessary to decide on surgery before irreversible damage to the heart occurs and before pulmonary hypertension occurs:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the presence of severe stenosis with severe symptoms (shortness of breath, fatigue, etc.) that limit the patient&#8217;s daily life.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ECHO shows that pulmonary artery pressure has increased to dangerous levels, even if the patient has no symptoms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In cases where the structure of the valve (such as severe calcification) is not suitable for balloon dilatation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the balloon procedure has been tried but failed or the valve has narrowed again over time.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mitral valve stenosis is accompanied by another heart condition that requires surgery (e.g. coronary bypass or other valve disease).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The decision for surgery is taken together with the patient, taking into account the patient&#8217;s individual situation, risk factors and expectations.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_Valve_Repair_or_Replacement_Preferred_in_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis_Surgery\"><\/span>Is Valve Repair or Replacement Preferred in Mitral Valve Stenosis Surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first question that comes to mind when the decision for surgery is made is: &#8220;Will the valve be repaired or replaced?&#8221; The basic philosophy of modern heart surgery is to always preserve the patient&#8217;s own tissue. Because no artificial valve can replace the patient&#8217;s own natural valve. Therefore, if the structure of the valve is suitable, our first and foremost choice is always valve repair.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Valve Repair: This is the art of solving the problem with the precision of a sculptor, using the patient&#8217;s own valve tissue. Repair of mitral valve stenosis is a surgical procedure in which the edges of the valve, which are usually adherent, are carefully cut open (open commissurotomy). If necessary, lime deposits are removed from the valves and thickened tissues are thinned. The biggest advantage of repair is that it protects the patient from the need for lifelong blood thinners and the risks associated with prosthetic valves.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cover Replacement: Sometimes the valve may be damaged beyond repair due to advanced calcification or structural deterioration. In this case, the damaged valve is completely removed and replaced with an artificial (prosthetic) valve. Prosthetic valves can be mechanical or biological (tissue). This decision is based on the patient&#8217;s age, lifestyle and medical condition. For patients who have no chance of repair, valve replacement is an excellent option that saves lives and improves quality of life.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_Modern_Surgical_Techniques_Used_in_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis_Surgery\"><\/span><b>What are the Modern Surgical Techniques Used in Mitral Valve Stenosis Surgery?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Today, there are different surgical approaches to perform mitral valve stenosis surgery. While traditional open heart surgery used to be the only option, we can now offer our patients much more comfortable options thanks to minimally invasive and robotic techniques.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main surgical approaches used are as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Open Heart Surgery (Sternotomy): The traditional method in which the sternum is cut across the front. It provides the widest field of view to the heart and is still the gold standard, especially in complex cases where multiple procedures (e.g. both valve and bypass) are to be performed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Minimally Invasive Heart Surgery: In this technique, the breastbone is not cut. The operation is performed through a small incision of about 5-6 cm, usually on the right side of the chest, at the armpit level. Through this small incision, special instruments and a camera are used to access the heart and repair or replace the valve. The biggest advantages of this method are much less postoperative pain, faster recovery, better cosmetic results and the ability to return to daily life much earlier.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Robotic Assisted Heart Surgery: It is the most advanced technology of minimally invasive surgery. The surgeon performs the surgery by directing robotic arms from a console. The robotic arms, which are advanced through a few small (1-2 cm) holes in the chest, perform the surgery with much more precise movements than the human hand under 3D and magnified images. It ensures great success and comfort, especially in complex valve repairs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In eligible patients, minimally invasive or robotic surgery is preferred because of the rapid recovery and comfort it offers.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_to_Choose_a_Prosthetic_Valve_in_Mitral_Valve_Stenosis_Surgery\"><\/span>How to Choose a Prosthetic Valve in Mitral Valve Stenosis Surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once the decision to replace the valve has been made, the next important question we need to answer together with the patient is which type of prosthetic valve to choose. We can liken this choice to choosing a car tire: Performance tires that last a lifetime but require special care (blood thinners) (mechanical valve) or standard tires that are easy to maintain but have a set lifespan and need to be replaced in due time (biological valve)?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mechanical Covers: They are made of very durable materials such as carbon and theoretically last a lifetime. Their most important feature is that they require lifelong use of blood thinners (Warfarin) to prevent clot formation. They are generally preferred in younger patients (under 60-65 years of age).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Biological (Tissue) Valves: These are tissue valves obtained from bovine or porcine heart membranes by special processes. Their biggest advantage is that they do not require the use of blood thinners. However, they tend to wear out over time and may require re-intervention (a second surgery or valve-in-valve placement by angiography) in an average of 10-20 years. They are generally preferred in elderly patients or in people who cannot use blood thinners.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This decision is made with the patient after discussing the advantages and disadvantages in detail, taking into account the patient&#8217;s age, lifestyle (active sports, pregnancy plan, etc.), general health status and personal preferences.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_awaits_me_during_the_recovery_period_after_mitral_valve_stenosis_surgery\"><\/span>What awaits me during the recovery period after mitral valve stenosis surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Postoperative recovery is as important as a successful surgery. Although this process varies according to the type of surgery performed, it is usually faster and more comfortable than our patients expect.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first day after surgery is usually spent in the intensive care unit, where your vital functions are closely monitored. You will then be transferred to the ward, where you will be encouraged to move slowly (first sitting, then walking). Breathing exercises accompanied by physiotherapists will help clear your lungs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The hospital stay after minimally invasive or robotic surgery is usually 3-5 days. After traditional open surgery, this period may be a few days longer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are some important points to be aware of after discharge home:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Keeping the wound clean and dry<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regular use of prescribed medications (including painkillers)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Following the activity program determined by your doctor<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Paying attention to a healthy and balanced diet<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Keeping scheduled control appointments<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Participating in cardiac rehabilitation programs in the post-operative period will not only help you recover faster physically, but also help you learn how to maintain your heart health in the long term.<\/span><br \/>\n<h2 class=\"accordion_title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><div class=\"accordion\">\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1559920551\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1559920551-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-is-mitral-valve-stenosis?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1559920551-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_mitral_valve_stenosis\"><\/span>What is mitral valve stenosis?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1559920551-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1559920551-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Mitral valve stenosis is a condition in which the mitral valve between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart narrows, making blood flow difficult.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2379867451\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2379867451-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-why-does-the-mitral-valve-narrow?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2379867451-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_does_the_mitral_valve_narrow\"><\/span>Why does the mitral valve narrow?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2379867451-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2379867451-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>The most common cause is valve damage due to rheumatic fever. Rarely, it can also develop as a result of congenital or age-related arthritis.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-995474826\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-995474826-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-are-the-symptoms?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-995474826-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_symptoms\"><\/span>What are the symptoms?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-995474826-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-995474826-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitations, coughing and rarely fainting are the main symptoms of mitral valve stenosis.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-4188848267\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-4188848267-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-is-mitral-valve-stenosis-diagnosed?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-4188848267-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_is_mitral_valve_stenosis_diagnosed\"><\/span>How is mitral valve stenosis diagnosed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-4188848267-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-4188848267-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>The diagnosis is clarified by cardiac examination, ECG, chest radiography and especially echocardiography.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3646122063\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3646122063-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-in-which-age-group-does-this-disease-occur?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3646122063-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_which_age_group_does_this_disease_occur\"><\/span>In which age group does this disease occur?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3646122063-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3646122063-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>It is usually diagnosed between the ages of 30-50; however, it may develop due to rheumatic fever in childhood.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1334042825\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1334042825-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-is-mitral-valve-stenosis-dangerous?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1334042825-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_mitral_valve_stenosis_dangerous\"><\/span>Is mitral valve stenosis dangerous?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1334042825-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1334042825-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Yes, if left untreated, it can lead to serious problems such as heart failure, arrhythmias and stroke.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-504618088\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-504618088-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-does-mitral-valve-stenosis-cause-heart-failure?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-504618088-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Does_mitral_valve_stenosis_cause_heart_failure\"><\/span>Does mitral valve stenosis cause heart failure?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-504618088-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-504618088-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Yes, valve stenosis can increase the burden on the heart, leading to heart failure over time.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-4220555448\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-4220555448-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-are-the-treatment-options?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-4220555448-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_treatment_options\"><\/span>What are the treatment options?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-4220555448-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-4220555448-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>In mild cases, medication is used, and in advanced cases, minimally invasive surgery with valvuloplasty or valve replacement is performed.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1699600252\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1699600252-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-is-mitral-balloon-valvuloplasty?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1699600252-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_mitral_balloon_valvuloplasty\"><\/span>What is mitral balloon valvuloplasty?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1699600252-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1699600252-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>The stenotic valve is widened with a balloon. It is a non-surgical method applied through a catheter. It is often not successful because the stenotic valve may rupture and cause mitral valve insufficiency.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3197564643\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3197564643-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-is-mitral-valve-replacement-a-difficult-operation?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3197564643-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_mitral_valve_replacement_a_difficult_operation\"><\/span>Is mitral valve replacement a difficult operation?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3197564643-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3197564643-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>It is an operation with a high success rate with minimally invasive surgical techniques. If necessary, a mechanical or biological cover is installed.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-4225724580\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-4225724580-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-do-i-need-lifelong-medication-after-valve-replacement?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-4225724580-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_I_need_lifelong_medication_after_valve_replacement\"><\/span>Do I need lifelong medication after valve replacement?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-4225724580-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-4225724580-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>If a mechanical valve is implanted, lifelong use of blood thinners may be necessary. In the biological valve, this period is limited.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2964652394\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2964652394-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-does-mitral-valve-stenosis-prevent-sports?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2964652394-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Does_mitral_valve_stenosis_prevent_sports\"><\/span>Does mitral valve stenosis prevent sports?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2964652394-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2964652394-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>The decision is made according to the degree of stenosis. In severe stenosis, effort restriction may be required.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2380716812\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2380716812-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-is-mitral-valve-stenosis-risky-during-pregnancy?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2380716812-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_mitral_valve_stenosis_risky_during_pregnancy\"><\/span>Is mitral valve stenosis risky during pregnancy?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2380716812-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2380716812-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Yes, pregnancy should be carefully monitored as it increases cardiac load. If necessary, pre-pregnancy intervention should be planned.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1052646247\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1052646247-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-is-mitral-valve-stenosis-a-progressive-disease?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1052646247-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_mitral_valve_stenosis_a_progressive_disease\"><\/span>Is mitral valve stenosis a progressive disease?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1052646247-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1052646247-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Yes, it usually gets worse over time. Regular follow-up is therefore very important.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2262230992\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2262230992-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-which-doctor-should-you-consult?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2262230992-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_doctor_should_you_consult\"><\/span>Which doctor should you consult?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2262230992-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2262230992-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>The cardiologist is the first point of contact for diagnosis and follow-up. Cardiovascular surgery support is obtained if necessary.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mitral stenosis is the narrowing of the mitral valve opening, which restricts blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. It is most commonly a result of rheumatic heart disease, although congenital and degenerative causes also exist. Hemodynamic consequences of mitral stenosis include elevated left atrial pressure, pulmonary congestion, and reduced cardiac output. [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":9194,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[479],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11086","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kalp-kapak-hastaliklari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11086","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11086"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11086\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13572,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11086\/revisions\/13572"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9194"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11086"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11086"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11086"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}