{"id":11123,"date":"2025-08-27T22:29:43","date_gmt":"2025-08-27T19:29:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/"},"modified":"2025-11-24T12:54:24","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T09:54:24","slug":"infektif-endokardit-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Endokardit Nedir? Endokardit Nedenleri Ve Tedavisi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130nfektif endokardit, kalbin i\u00e7 tabakas\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle kalp kapak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bakteri veya nadiren mantar kaynakl\u0131 enfeksiyonudur. Enfeksiyon, kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131na giren mikroorganizmalar\u0131n kalp dokusuna yerle\u015fmesiyle geli\u015fir ve tedavi edilmezse ciddi komplikasyonlara yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n<p>Risk fakt\u00f6rleri aras\u0131nda yapay veya hasarl\u0131 kalp kapaklar\u0131, do\u011fu\u015ftan kalp hastal\u0131klar\u0131, \u00f6nceki endokardit \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc, uzun s\u00fcreli damar i\u00e7i kateter kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve damar i\u00e7i ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131 yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Belirtiler ate\u015f, titreme, gece terlemesi, halsizlik, i\u015ftahs\u0131zl\u0131k, kilo kayb\u0131 ve \u00e7arp\u0131nt\u0131 \u015feklindedir. \u0130leri olgularda ciltte pete\u015fi, el-ayakta a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131 nod\u00fcller ve dalak b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Tan\u0131, kan k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri ve ekokardiyografi ile konur. Tedavi, uzun s\u00fcreli damardan antibiyotik uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Gerekli durumlarda enfekte kapak dokusu cerrahi olarak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r veya de\u011fi\u015ftirilir. Erken tan\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fcm riskini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Tan\u0131m<\/td>\n<td>Kalbin i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyini (endokard) ve\/veya kalp kapak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tutan enfeksiyon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nedenler<\/td>\n<td>En s\u0131k bakteri kaynakl\u0131 (\u00f6zellikle Streptococcus, Staphylococcus t\u00fcrleri), nadiren mantar veya di\u011fer mikroorganizmalar, di\u015f ve a\u011f\u0131z enfeksiyonlar\u0131, damar i\u00e7i ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131, kalp kapak protezleri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Risk Fakt\u00f6rleri<\/td>\n<td>Yapay kalp kapa\u011f\u0131, ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f endokardit, do\u011fumsal kalp hastal\u0131klar\u0131, kronik diyaliz, damar i\u00e7i ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131, di\u015f hastal\u0131klar\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Belirtiler<\/td>\n<td>Uzun s\u00fcren ate\u015f, titreme, halsizlik, terleme, kalpte \u00fcf\u00fcr\u00fcm, kilo kayb\u0131, kas-eklem a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131, ciltte d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcler, parmak u\u00e7lar\u0131nda lezyonlar (Osler nod\u00fclleri, Janeway lezyonlar\u0131), dalak b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tan\u0131 Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/td>\n<td>Kan k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri, ekokardiyografi (\u00f6zellikle trans\u00f6zofageal), EKG, kan testleri, idrar tahlili<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tedavi Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/td>\n<td>Uzun s\u00fcreli damar yoluyla antibiyotik tedavisi, bazen cerrahi (kapak de\u011fi\u015fimi veya onar\u0131m\u0131)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Komplikasyonlar<\/td>\n<td>Kapak yetmezli\u011fi, emboli (beyin, b\u00f6brek, dalak, akci\u011fer), kalp yetmezli\u011fi, ritim bozukluklar\u0131, sepsis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00d6nleme Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/td>\n<td>Y\u00fcksek riskli hastalarda di\u015f prosed\u00fcrleri \u00f6ncesi antibiyotik profilaksisi, di\u015f ve a\u011f\u0131z hijyenine dikkat, damar i\u00e7i ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nma, d\u00fczenli kardiyolojik takip<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Yaz\u0131 \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Endokardit_Nedir\" >Endokardit Nedir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Endokardit_kalbi_nasil_etkiler\" >Endokardit kalbi nas\u0131l etkiler?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Endokardit_turleri_nelerdir\" >Endokardit t\u00fcrleri nelerdir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Endokardit_gelisim_sureci_nasil_isler\" >Endokardit geli\u015fim s\u00fcreci nas\u0131l i\u015fler?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Endokardit_neden_olur_ve_hangi_mikroorganizmalar_rol_oynar\" >Endokardit neden olur ve hangi mikroorganizmalar rol oynar?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Endokardit_icin_kimler_daha_fazla_risk_altindadir\" >Endokardit i\u00e7in kimler daha fazla risk alt\u0131ndad\u0131r?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Endokardit_belirtileri_nelerdir\" >Endokardit belirtileri nelerdir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Endokardit_tanisi_nasil_konulur\" >Endokardit tan\u0131s\u0131 nas\u0131l konulur?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Endokardit_tedavisinin_temel_yaklasimi_nedir\" >Endokardit tedavisinin temel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 nedir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Endokardit_icin_medikal_tedavi_nasil_yapilir\" >Endokardit i\u00e7in medikal tedavi nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Endokardit_cerrahisi_ne_zaman_ve_neden_gerekir\" >Endokardit cerrahisi ne zaman ve neden gerekir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Endokardit_cerrahisinde_hangi_yontemler_uygulanir\" >Endokardit cerrahisinde hangi y\u00f6ntemler uygulan\u0131r?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Endokardit_tedavi_edilmezse_hangi_komplikasyonlar_gelisir\" >Endokardit tedavi edilmezse hangi komplikasyonlar geli\u015fir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Endokardit_sonrasi_iyilesme_ve_takip_sureci_nasildir\" >Endokardit sonras\u0131 iyile\u015fme ve takip s\u00fcreci nas\u0131ld\u0131r?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Endokardit_nasil_onlenebilir\" >Endokardit nas\u0131l \u00f6nlenebilir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Sikca_Sorulan_Sorular\" >S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Endokardit_nedir\" >Endokardit nedir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Endokardit_kimlerde_gorulur\" >Endokardit kimlerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Bulasici_midir\" >Bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Belirtileri_nelerdir\" >Belirtileri nelerdir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Endokardit_nasil_teshis_edilir\" >Endokardit nas\u0131l te\u015fhis edilir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Hangi_mikroorganizmalar_neden_olur\" >Hangi mikroorganizmalar neden olur?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Ne_kadar_surede_tedavi_edilir\" >Ne kadar s\u00fcrede tedavi edilir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Endokardit_olumcul_olabilir_mi\" >Endokardit \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl olabilir mi?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Cerrahi_tedavi_gerekir_mi\" >Cerrahi tedavi gerekir mi?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Endokardit_onlenebilir_mi\" >Endokardit \u00f6nlenebilir mi?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Kalp_kapagi_protezi_olanlar_risk_altinda_mi\" >Kalp kapa\u011f\u0131 protezi olanlar risk alt\u0131nda m\u0131?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Dis_sagligi_neden_onemlidir\" >Di\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 neden \u00f6nemlidir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Tedavi_sonrasi_tekrar_eder_mi\" >Tedavi sonras\u0131 tekrar eder mi?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Seyahat_ve_gunluk_yasam_nasil_etkilenir\" >Seyahat ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam nas\u0131l etkilenir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/infektif-endokardit-nedir\/#Hangi_uzmanliklar_ilgilenir\" >Hangi uzmanl\u0131klar ilgilenir?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Endokardit_Nedir\"><\/span>Endokardit Nedir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Endokardit, kalbin i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyini ve kapak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kaplayan endokard tabakas\u0131n\u0131n iltihaplanmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funlukla bakterilerin kan yoluyla kalbe ula\u015fmas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve \u00f6zellikle yapay kalp kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlarda, do\u011fu\u015ftan kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunanlarda veya ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zay\u0131f ki\u015filerde daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Belirtileri aras\u0131nda ate\u015f, halsizlik, \u00e7arp\u0131nt\u0131, nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ciltte d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcler bulunur. Erken tan\u0131 konulmazsa ciddi kalp hasar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. Tedavide antibiyotikler ve baz\u0131 durumlarda cerrahi giri\u015fim uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Endokardit_kalbi_nasil_etkiler\"><\/span>Endokardit kalbi nas\u0131l etkiler?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Kalbimizin i\u00e7ini bir odaya benzetirsek, &#8220;endokardiyum&#8221; bu odan\u0131n duvar ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131d\u0131r. Kalbin d\u00f6rt odac\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6neten d\u00f6rt kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6\u015feyen bu ince, p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz zar, normalde kan\u0131n sorunsuzca ak\u0131p gitmesini sa\u011flar. Endokardit ise i\u015fte bu duvar ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n\u0131n, genellikle kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131na s\u0131zan bir mikrop nedeniyle iltihaplanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu iltihaplanma ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, enfeksiyonun merkezinde &#8220;vejetasyon&#8221; ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fimiz, karnabahar benzeri p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fc kitleler olu\u015fur. Bu kitleler, sadece bir mikrop y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fildir; bakterilerin, kan p\u0131ht\u0131s\u0131 h\u00fccrelerinin (platelet) ve p\u0131ht\u0131 proteinlerinin (fibrin) bir araya gelerek olu\u015fturdu\u011fu karma\u015f\u0131k, d\u00fczensiz yap\u0131lard\u0131r. Bu vejetasyonlar, kapak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n \u00fczerine adeta bir s\u00fcl\u00fck gibi yap\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Zamanla b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek ve zararl\u0131 enzimler salg\u0131layarak alt\u0131ndaki hassas kapak\u00e7\u0131k dokusunu eritir, deler ve y\u0131rtar. Sonu\u00e7 olarak d\u00fczg\u00fcnce a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapanmas\u0131 gereken kapak\u00e7\u0131klar i\u015flevini yitirir. Bu durum kalbin pompalama d\u00fczenini alt\u00fcst eden ve acil m\u00fcdahale gerektiren ciddi bir mekanik soruna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Endokardit_turleri_nelerdir\"><\/span>Endokardit t\u00fcrleri nelerdir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Endokarditi temel olarak iki ana gruba ay\u0131rabiliriz. Bu ayr\u0131m, iltihab\u0131n arkas\u0131nda bir mikrop olup olmamas\u0131na dayan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Enfektif Endokardit (EE): Bu endokarditin en s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi, olay\u0131n merkezinde bir enfeksiyon vard\u0131r. Genellikle bakteri, bazen de mantar gibi mikroplar\u0131n kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131na bir \u015fekilde s\u0131z\u0131p, genellikle \u00f6nceden hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bir kalp kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131na yerle\u015fmesiyle ba\u015flar. Kendi i\u00e7inde seyrine g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<li>Akut Enfektif Endokardit: F\u0131rt\u0131nal\u0131 bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 yapar. Aniden y\u00fckselen ate\u015f, titreme ve h\u0131zla k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fen genel durumla kendini g\u00f6sterir. Genellikle ciltte bulunan Staphylococcus aureus gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve sald\u0131rgan bir bakterinin neden oldu\u011fu bu t\u00fcr, g\u00fcnler i\u00e7inde hayat\u0131 tehdit edebilir.<\/li>\n<li>Subakut Enfektif Endokardit: \u00c7ok daha sinsi ilerler. Haftalar, hatta aylar s\u00fcren hafif ate\u015f, yorgunluk, i\u015ftahs\u0131zl\u0131k gibi belirsiz \u015fikayetlerle seyreder. Genellikle a\u011f\u0131z i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan daha &#8220;sakin&#8221; miza\u00e7l\u0131 streptokok bakterileri sorumludur.<\/li>\n<li>Prostetik Kapak Endokarditi (PKE): Yapay kalp kapa\u011f\u0131 tak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hastalarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen t\u00fcrd\u00fcr. Mikroplar, bu yapay y\u00fczeylere do\u011fal dokudan daha kolay tutundu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu hastalar\u0131m\u0131z her zaman daha y\u00fcksek risk alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Enfektif Olmayan Endokardit (NBTE): Bu daha nadir durumda ise ortada bir mikrop yoktur. Kalp kapak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fczerinde p\u0131ht\u0131 h\u00fccrelerinden ve fibrin proteininden olu\u015fan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, steril vejetasyonlar birikir. Bu genellikle, ilerlemi\u015f kanser veya sistemik lupus eritematozus (SLE) gibi v\u00fccudun p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fma e\u011filimini art\u0131ran hastal\u0131klar\u0131n bir sonucu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Burada kritik bir nokta var: Enfektif olmayan endokardit, enfektif endokardit i\u00e7in adeta bir &#8220;davetiye&#8221; \u00e7\u0131karabilir. \u015e\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim; NBTE ile kapak\u00e7\u0131k \u00fczerinde olu\u015fan o steril p\u0131ht\u0131, kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131na giren herhangi bir bakteri i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel bir &#8220;konaklama tesisi&#8221; haline gelir. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir lupus hastas\u0131nda geli\u015fen bu steril p\u0131ht\u0131, basit bir di\u015f f\u0131r\u00e7alama sonras\u0131 kana kar\u0131\u015fan bakterilerin yerle\u015fip \u00e7o\u011falabilece\u011fi bir yuva olabilir. Bu da durumu h\u0131zla hayat\u0131 tehdit eden enfektif endokardite \u00e7evirir.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Endokardit_gelisim_sureci_nasil_isler\"><\/span>Endokardit geli\u015fim s\u00fcreci nas\u0131l i\u015fler?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Endokarditin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, bir dizi olay\u0131n birbirini tetikledi\u011fi bir zincirleme reaksiyon gibidir. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz bir kalp kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczeyi normalde enfeksiyona kar\u015f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a diren\u00e7lidir. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in genellikle \u015fu ad\u0131mlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ba\u015flat\u0131c\u0131 Olay: Kalp Dokusunda Hasar: Her \u015fey, genellikle kalp kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczeyinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir hasarla ba\u015flar. Bu hasar, mevcut bir kapak hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu t\u00fcrb\u00fclansl\u0131 kan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan, bir kalp pili kablosunun mekanik s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmesinden veya damarda uzun s\u00fcre kalan bir kateterden kaynaklanabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Onar\u0131m ve P\u0131ht\u0131 Olu\u015fumu: V\u00fccudumuz bu hasar\u0131 onarmak i\u00e7in hemen olay yerine kan pulcuklar\u0131n\u0131 (platelet) ve p\u0131ht\u0131 proteini olan fibrini g\u00f6nderir. Hasarl\u0131 b\u00f6lgede k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, mikropsuz bir p\u0131ht\u0131 olu\u015fur. Bu v\u00fccudun iyi niyetli bir onar\u0131m \u00e7abas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Mikroplar\u0131n Kan Dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131na Girmesi (Bakteriyemi): V\u00fccudun herhangi bir yerinden (a\u011f\u0131z, cilt,<a href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/bagirsak-hastaliklari-nelerdir-belirtileri-nedenleri-ve-tedavileri\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> ba\u011f\u0131rsak) mikroplar kana kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/a> Bu di\u015f \u00e7ekimi gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u015flemle olabilece\u011fi gibi, sert bir di\u015f f\u0131r\u00e7alama veya sivilce s\u0131kma gibi basit bir nedenle bile ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir.<\/li>\n<li>Yerle\u015fim ve Kolonizasyon: Kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndaki bu &#8220;serseri&#8221; mikroplar, kalbin i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7erken daha \u00f6nce olu\u015fmu\u015f olan o k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, steril p\u0131ht\u0131ya yap\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Buray\u0131 kendilerine bir \u00fcs olarak se\u00e7er ve h\u0131zla \u00e7o\u011falmaya ba\u015flarlar.<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Bakteriyel Kale&#8221;nin \u0130n\u015fas\u0131: Bakteriler bu p\u0131ht\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131k\u00e7a, kendilerini &#8220;biofilm&#8221; ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fimiz yap\u0131\u015fkan ve koruyucu bir kalkan\u0131n i\u00e7ine hapsederler. Bu biofilm, onlar\u0131 hem v\u00fccudun ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k h\u00fccrelerinden hem de antibiyotiklerden koruyan adeta a\u015f\u0131lmaz bir kale gibidir. Bu korunakl\u0131 kalenin i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fcyen enfeksiyon, kalp kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131na zarar vermeye devam eder.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Endokardit tedavisinin neden bu kadar uzun ve zorlu oldu\u011funun cevab\u0131, i\u015fte bu &#8220;bakteriyel kale&#8221; yap\u0131s\u0131nda gizlidir. Standart antibiyotiklerin bu kalenin duvarlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7ok zordur. Bu nedenle tedavide, haftalarca s\u00fcren ve do\u011frudan damar yoluyla verilen y\u00fcksek doz ila\u00e7lara ihtiya\u00e7 duyar\u0131z. \u0130la\u00e7lar\u0131n yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktada ise cerrahinin g\u00f6revi, bu kaleyi fiziksel olarak ortadan kald\u0131rmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Endokardit_neden_olur_ve_hangi_mikroorganizmalar_rol_oynar\"><\/span>Endokardit neden olur ve hangi mikroorganizmalar rol oynar?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Endokardit vakalar\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlukla bakteriler vard\u0131r. Bu bakteriler normalde v\u00fccudumuzda zarars\u0131zca ya\u015fayan, hatta baz\u0131lar\u0131 sindirime yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan mikroplard\u0131r. Ancak kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131na girdiklerinde tehlikeli birer d\u00fc\u015fmana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilirler.<\/p>\n<p>En s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z mikroorganizmalar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Staphylococcus aureus (Stafilokok)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Streptococcus t\u00fcrleri (Streptokok)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Enterococcus t\u00fcrleri (Enterokok)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Daha nadir olmakla birlikte \u00f6zellikle ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi zay\u0131f olan veya b\u00fcy\u00fck ameliyatlar ge\u00e7irmi\u015f hastalarda mantarlar da endokardite neden olabilir. Fungal endokardit, genellikle daha b\u00fcy\u00fck vejetasyonlar olu\u015fturur ve tedavisi bakteriyel olanlara g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha zordur.<\/p>\n<p>Peki, bu mikroplar kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131na nas\u0131l girer? Ba\u015fl\u0131ca giri\u015f kap\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A\u011f\u0131z ve Di\u015fler: \u00c7\u00fcr\u00fck bir di\u015f, iltihapl\u0131 bir di\u015f eti veya herhangi bir kanamal\u0131 di\u015f i\u015flemi, a\u011f\u0131zdaki bakteriler i\u00e7in kana a\u00e7\u0131lan en yayg\u0131n otoyoldur.<\/li>\n<li>Cilt: Ciltteki bir kesik, enfekte bir yara, sivilce veya piercing, \u00f6zellikle stafilokok bakterilerinin v\u00fccuda girmesi i\u00e7in bir kap\u0131 aralayabilir.<\/li>\n<li>T\u0131bbi \u0130\u015flemler: Ameliyatlar, damar yolu kateterleri, endoskopi veya idrar sondalar\u0131 gibi v\u00fccudun i\u00e7ine yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm m\u00fcdahaleler potansiyel bir risk ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Damar \u0130\u00e7i Uyu\u015fturucu Kullan\u0131m\u0131: Bu enfeksiyonu do\u011frudan kana enjekte etmenin en riskli yollar\u0131ndan biridir ve \u00f6zellikle kalbin sa\u011f taraf\u0131ndaki kapak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 etkileyen endokarditlere yol a\u00e7ar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Endokardit_icin_kimler_daha_fazla_risk_altindadir\"><\/span>Endokardit i\u00e7in kimler daha fazla risk alt\u0131ndad\u0131r?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Endokardit nadir bir hastal\u0131k olsa da baz\u0131 insanlar yap\u0131sal veya ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 nedenleriyle bu enfeksiyona kar\u015f\u0131 daha savunmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte endokardit denilince akla ilk olarak \u00e7ocuklukta ge\u00e7irilen romatizmal ate\u015f gelirdi. Ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde endokarditin &#8220;y\u00fcz\u00fc&#8221; de\u011fi\u015fti. Art\u0131k ya\u015fla birlikte y\u0131pranan kalp kapak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131, tak\u0131lan protez kapaklar, kalp pilleri ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleriyle ili\u015fkili enfeksiyonlar daha \u00f6n planda. Bu nedenle kimlerin risk alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu bilmek, erken te\u015fhis i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>En y\u00fcksek risk grubunda olan ki\u015filer \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Yapay (prostetik) kalp kapa\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yanlar<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Kapak onar\u0131m\u0131nda yapay materyal kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olanlar<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Daha \u00f6nce endokardit ge\u00e7irmi\u015f ki\u015filer<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Kalp nakli sonras\u0131 kapak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda bozulma geli\u015fenler<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Belirli t\u00fcrde do\u011fu\u015ftan (konjenital) kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlar<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Y\u00fcksek risk grubunda say\u0131labilecek di\u011fer durumlar ise \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Ya\u015fa veya romatizmal ate\u015fe ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f do\u011fal kalp kapak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Kalp pili veya implante edilebilir defibrilat\u00f6r (ICD) gibi kalp i\u00e7i cihazlar\u0131 olanlar<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Damar i\u00e7i uyu\u015fturucu kullananlar<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">K\u00f6t\u00fc a\u011f\u0131z ve di\u015f hijyenine sahip olanlar<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini zay\u0131flatan durumlar (diyabet, kanser tedavisi, HIV gibi)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Kronik hemodiyaliz tedavisi g\u00f6ren hastalar<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">60 ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerindeki bireyler<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Endokardit_belirtileri_nelerdir\"><\/span>Endokardit belirtileri nelerdir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Endokarditin en tehlikeli y\u00f6nlerinden biri, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 belirtilerinin genellikle &#8220;basit bir grip&#8221; veya &#8220;k\u0131rg\u0131nl\u0131k&#8221; ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilmesidir. Bu belirsizlik, tan\u0131da \u00e7ok de\u011ferli olan zaman\u0131n kaybedilmesine neden olabilir. \u00d6zellikle risk grubundaki bir ki\u015finin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki belirtileri ciddiye almas\u0131 ve ge\u00e7i\u015ftirmemesi hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>S\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen genel endokardit belirtileri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">A\u00e7\u0131klanamayan ve haftalarca s\u00fcren hafif veya y\u00fcksek ate\u015f<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">S\u00fcrekli bir yorgunluk ve halsizlik hali<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Gece terlemeleri<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\u0130stem d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kilo kayb\u0131 ve i\u015ftahs\u0131zl\u0131k<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Kas ve eklem a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hastal\u0131k ilerledik\u00e7e daha spesifik belirtiler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\u00d6zellikle efor s\u0131ras\u0131nda artan nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Yeni ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan veya karakteri de\u011fi\u015fen bir kalp \u00fcf\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc (doktor muayenesinde saptan\u0131r)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Ayaklarda, bacaklarda veya kar\u0131nda \u015fi\u015flik (\u00f6dem)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Nefes al\u0131rken batma hissi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Daha nadir g\u00f6r\u00fclen ancak endokardit i\u00e7in \u00e7ok tipik olan fiziksel bulgular da vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Ciltte, g\u00f6z beyaz\u0131nda veya damakta toplu i\u011fne ba\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131-mor d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcler (pete\u015filer)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">T\u0131rnaklar\u0131n alt\u0131nda ince, \u00e7izgisel kanamalar (splinter kanamalar)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Parmak u\u00e7lar\u0131nda beliren a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131 nod\u00fcller (Osler nod\u00fclleri)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Avu\u00e7 i\u00e7leri veya ayak tabanlar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131z, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131 lekeler (Janeway lezyonlar\u0131)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Endokardit_tanisi_nasil_konulur\"><\/span>Endokardit tan\u0131s\u0131 nas\u0131l konulur?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Endokardit tan\u0131s\u0131, bir yapbozun par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirmek gibidir. Tek bir test veya bulgu yeterli olmaz; hastan\u0131n \u015fikayetleri, risk fakt\u00f6rleri, fizik muayene ve \u00e7e\u015fitli testlerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 bir araya getirilerek tan\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te uluslararas\u0131 kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f &#8220;Duke Kriterleri&#8221; ad\u0131 verilen bir rehber kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Tan\u0131 s\u00fcrecindeki temel ad\u0131mlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kan K\u00fclt\u00fcrleri: Tan\u0131n\u0131n temel ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Enfeksiyona neden olan mikrobu tespit etmek, ad\u0131n\u0131 koymak ve hangi antibiyoti\u011fin onu yok edece\u011fini belirlemek i\u00e7in yap\u0131l\u0131r. Do\u011fru sonu\u00e7 i\u00e7in, genellikle antibiyotik tedavisine ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, farkl\u0131 zamanlarda ve farkl\u0131 damarlardan birka\u00e7 kan \u00f6rne\u011fi al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Ekokardiyografi (EKO): Bu kalbin ultrasonudur ve enfeksiyonun kalpte yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hasar\u0131 do\u011frudan g\u00f6rmemizi sa\u011flar. Vejetasyonlar\u0131, kapak\u00e7\u0131ktaki y\u0131rt\u0131k veya delikleri, apse gibi komplikasyonlar\u0131 ve kalbin genel pompalama g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<li>Transtorasik EKO (TTE): G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs duvar\u0131 \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan standart EKO&#8217;dur. \u0130lk ad\u0131md\u0131r ve bir\u00e7ok durumda yeterli bilgiyi verir.<\/li>\n<li>Trans\u00f6zofageal EKO (TEE): Daha detayl\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc gerekti\u011finde, \u00f6zellikle protez kapaklarda veya apse \u015f\u00fcphesinde ba\u015fvurulan y\u00f6ntemdir. Yemek borusuna ince bir ultrason probu indirilerek kalbin \u00e7ok daha net g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri elde edilir. Bunu, bir eve d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bakmak (TTE) ile evin i\u00e7ine kamera sokup detaylar\u0131 g\u00f6rmek (TEE) aras\u0131ndaki fark gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<li>Di\u011fer G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme Y\u00f6ntemleri: Bazen, \u00f6zellikle protez kapak enfeksiyonlar\u0131nda veya tan\u0131n\u0131n belirsiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, PET\/CT gibi v\u00fccuttaki enfeksiyon odaklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren daha ileri g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme y\u00f6ntemlerine ihtiya\u00e7 duyulabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Endokardit_tedavisinin_temel_yaklasimi_nedir\"><\/span>Endokardit tedavisinin temel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 nedir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Endokardit tedavisi iki ana s\u00fctun \u00fczerine kuruludur: medikal (ila\u00e7) tedavi ve cerrahi tedavi. Bu ikisi birbirinin alternatifi de\u011fil tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Tedavinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, do\u011fru zamanda do\u011fru m\u00fcdahalenin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve bu kararlar mutlaka bir &#8220;Endokardit Ekibi&#8221; taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ekipte kalp ve damar cerrahisi uzman\u0131, kardiyoloji uzman\u0131 ve enfeksiyon hastal\u0131klar\u0131 uzman\u0131 birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak hasta i\u00e7in en iyi yolu belirler. Ama\u00e7 hem enfeksiyonu tamamen yok etmek hem de enfeksiyonun kalpte yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 mekanik hasar\u0131 onarmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Endokardit_icin_medikal_tedavi_nasil_yapilir\"><\/span>Endokardit i\u00e7in medikal tedavi nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Medikal tedavinin amac\u0131, kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndaki ve kalp kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131na yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan mikroplar\u0131 tamamen ortadan kald\u0131rmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu tedavinin temel \u00f6zellikleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Damar Yoluyla (\u0130ntraven\u00f6z) Tedavi: \u0130la\u00e7lar, o korunakl\u0131 &#8220;bakteriyel kale&#8221; olan biofilme n\u00fcfuz edebilecek kadar y\u00fcksek kan seviyelerine ula\u015fmak zorunda olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in daima damar yoluyla verilir. A\u011f\u0131zdan al\u0131nan haplar bu ciddi enfeksiyon i\u00e7in yetersiz kal\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Uzun S\u00fcreli Tedavi: Kalp kapak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kanlanmas\u0131 zay\u0131f oldu\u011fu ve mikroplar biofilm i\u00e7inde sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tedavi uzun s\u00fcrer. Standart tedavi s\u00fcresi genellikle 4 ila 6 hafta aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Hedefe Y\u00f6nelik Antibiyotik: Tedavi, kan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc sonucuna g\u00f6re \u015fekillendirilir. Hangi mikrobun sorumlu oldu\u011fu ve hangi ilaca duyarl\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirlenince, do\u011frudan o mikrobu hedef alan en etkili antibiyotik se\u00e7ilir.<\/li>\n<li>Hastanede Takip: Tedavinin ilk g\u00fcnleri, ilac\u0131n etkinli\u011fini ve olas\u0131 yan etkilerini izlemek i\u00e7in genellikle hastanede ge\u00e7irilir. Durumu stabille\u015fen uygun hastalar, tedavinin geri kalan\u0131n\u0131 evde IV tedavi alarak tamamlayabilirler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Endokardit_cerrahisi_ne_zaman_ve_neden_gerekir\"><\/span>Endokardit cerrahisi ne zaman ve neden gerekir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Hastalar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131, sadece antibiyotik tedavisiyle iyile\u015femez ve cerrahi m\u00fcdahaleye ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Cerrahi bir &#8220;son \u00e7are&#8221; veya &#8220;tedavinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8221; de\u011fil aksine tedavinin ayr\u0131lmaz ve hayat kurtar\u0131c\u0131 bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Peki, ameliyat karar\u0131 ne zaman verilir?<\/p>\n<p>Ameliyat gerektiren ba\u015fl\u0131ca durumlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kalp Yetmezli\u011fi: Enfeksiyonun kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 delmesi veya y\u0131rtmas\u0131 sonucu kan\u0131n geriye ka\u00e7mas\u0131 ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak akci\u011ferlerde s\u0131v\u0131 birikmesi (akut kalp yetmezli\u011fi). Bu en acil ameliyat nedenidir.<\/li>\n<li>Kontrol Edilemeyen Enfeksiyon: G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc antibiyotik tedavisine ra\u011fmen ate\u015fin d\u00fc\u015fmemesi, kan k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinde mikrop \u00fcremeye devam etmesi veya enfeksiyonun kalp kas\u0131na yay\u0131larak apse olu\u015fturmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0131ht\u0131 Atma (Emboli) Riski: \u00d6zellikle 10 mm&#8217;den b\u00fcy\u00fck ve hareketli vejetasyonlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131. Bu vejetasyonlardan kopacak bir p\u0131ht\u0131n\u0131n beyne giderek inmeye neden olma riski \u00e7ok y\u00fcksektir. Bu senaryoda cerrahi, fel\u00e7 riskini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in proaktif bir m\u00fcdahaledir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Endokardit_cerrahisinde_hangi_yontemler_uygulanir\"><\/span>Endokardit cerrahisinde hangi y\u00f6ntemler uygulan\u0131r?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Endokardit cerrahisi, standart bir kalp kapak ameliyat\u0131ndan daha karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. Cerrah\u0131n \u00f6nceli\u011fi sadece kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 tamir etmek de\u011fil \u00f6ncelikle enfeksiyonu tamamen temizlemektir.<\/p>\n<p>Ameliyat s\u0131ras\u0131nda izlenen ad\u0131mlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Radikal Temizlik (Debridman): Ameliyat\u0131n ilk ve en \u00f6nemli ad\u0131m\u0131, enfekte olmu\u015f t\u00fcm dokular\u0131n, vejetasyonlar\u0131n ve apselerin, geride hi\u00e7bir mikrop kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lmayacak \u015fekilde titizlikle temizlenmesidir.<\/li>\n<li>Kapak Onar\u0131m\u0131 (Valv\u00fcloplasti): Temizlik sonras\u0131 geriye yeterli miktarda sa\u011flam kapak dokusu kalm\u0131\u015fsa, her zaman ilk tercih hastan\u0131n kendi kapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 onarmakt\u0131r. Kapak onar\u0131m\u0131, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yeniden enfeksiyon riski ve uzun d\u00f6nemde daha iyi sonu\u00e7lar gibi \u00f6nemli avantajlar sunar.<\/li>\n<li>Kapak De\u011fi\u015fimi (Replasman): E\u011fer enfeksiyon kapak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 onar\u0131lamayacak derecede tahrip etmi\u015fse, bu durumda kapak\u00e7\u0131k yapay bir kapakla (mekanik veya biyolojik) de\u011fi\u015ftirilir.<\/li>\n<li>Yeniden Yap\u0131land\u0131rma (Rekonstr\u00fcksiyon): Enfeksiyonun kapak \u00e7evresindeki dokulara yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok ileri vakalarda, bu b\u00f6lgeler hastan\u0131n kendi kalp zar\u0131ndan (perikard) al\u0131nan yamalarla yeniden in\u015fa edilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Endokardit_tedavi_edilmezse_hangi_komplikasyonlar_gelisir\"><\/span>Endokardit tedavi edilmezse hangi komplikasyonlar geli\u015fir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Endokardit, sadece kalbi ilgilendiren lokal bir sorun de\u011fildir; t\u00fcm v\u00fccudu tehdit eden sistemik bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Tedavide ge\u00e7 kal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek tehlikeli sonu\u00e7lar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>Kalp Kaynakl\u0131 Komplikasyonlar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Akut kalp yetmezli\u011fi<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Kalp i\u00e7inde apse, fist\u00fcl veya anevrizma olu\u015fumu<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Hayat\u0131 tehdit eden ritim bozukluklar\u0131 (kalp blo\u011fu)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>P\u0131ht\u0131 Atmas\u0131na Ba\u011fl\u0131 (Embolik) Komplikasyonlar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\u0130nme (fel\u00e7)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Akci\u011fer embolisi<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">B\u00f6brek, dalak veya bacak damarlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0131kanmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">V\u00fccudun ba\u015fka yerlerinde yeni enfeksiyon odaklar\u0131 (metastatik apse)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Di\u011fer Komplikasyonlar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">B\u00f6brek yetmezli\u011fi<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Dalak b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Endokardit_sonrasi_iyilesme_ve_takip_sureci_nasildir\"><\/span>Endokardit sonras\u0131 iyile\u015fme ve takip s\u00fcreci nas\u0131ld\u0131r?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Endokardit ge\u00e7irmek, v\u00fccut i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sava\u015ftan \u00e7\u0131kmak gibidir. Tedavi tamamland\u0131ktan sonra tam iyile\u015fme zaman al\u0131r. Ancak en \u00f6nemli konu, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tekrarlama riskidir. Endokardit ge\u00e7iren bir ki\u015fi, kalp dokusunda olu\u015fan hasar nedeniyle \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu bu enfeksiyona kar\u015f\u0131 daha yatk\u0131n hale gelir. Bu nedenle uzun d\u00f6nem takip ve baz\u0131 ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Hastalar\u0131n d\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla kardiyolog kontrol\u00fcne gitmesi ve kalp fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n ekokardiyografi ile de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Endokardit_nasil_onlenebilir\"><\/span>Endokardit nas\u0131l \u00f6nlenebilir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Endokarditi \u00f6nlemede en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc silah, asl\u0131nda hastan\u0131n kendi elindedir. Bilimsel veriler, endokardite yol a\u00e7an kan enfeksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u0131bbi i\u015flemlerden de\u011fil g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam aktivitelerinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Endokarditi \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in at\u0131lacak en \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00fckemmel A\u011f\u0131z ve Di\u015f Hijyeni: Bu \u00f6nlemenin mutlak temel ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 di\u015fler ve di\u015f etleri, bakterilerin kana kar\u0131\u015fma riskini en aza indirir. G\u00fcnde iki kez di\u015f f\u0131r\u00e7alamak, d\u00fczenli di\u015f ipi kullanmak ve alt\u0131 ayda bir di\u015f hekimi kontrol\u00fcne gitmek \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir.<\/li>\n<li>Koruyucu Antibiyotik (Profilaksi): G\u00fcncel k\u0131lavuzlar, antibiyotik direncini \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla koruyucu antibiyotik kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sadece en y\u00fcksek riskli hasta grubuyla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu gruba, kanamal\u0131 di\u015f i\u015flemleri \u00f6ncesinde tek doz antibiyotik \u00f6nerilir. Y\u00fcksek riskli grup d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan hastalara rutin olarak profilaksi \u00f6nerilmemektedir.<\/li>\n<li>Cilt B\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Korumak: Ciltteki kesik ve s\u0131yr\u0131klar\u0131 hemen temizleyip uygun \u015fekilde kapatmak, mikroplar\u0131n giri\u015fini engeller.<\/li>\n<li>Riskli Davran\u0131\u015flardan Ka\u00e7\u0131nmak: Damar i\u00e7i uyu\u015fturucu kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan kesinlikle uzak durulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Piercing veya d\u00f6vme gibi i\u015flemler de potansiyel risk ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Y\u00fcksek risk grubundaki hastalar\u0131n, t\u00fcm sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6zellikle di\u015f hekimlerini) durumlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgilendirmesi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<br \/>\n<h2 class=\"accordion_title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sikca_Sorulan_Sorular\"><\/span>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><div class=\"accordion\">\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3884248449\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3884248449-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-endokardit-nedir?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3884248449-content\" >\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Endokardit_nedir\"><\/span>Endokardit nedir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3884248449-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3884248449-label\" >\n\t\t\t\n<p>Kalbin i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyini (endokard) ve genellikle kalp kapaklar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen, bakteri veya nadiren mantar kaynakl\u0131 ciddi bir enfeksiyon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1321953570\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1321953570-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-endokardit-kimlerde-g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1321953570-content\" >\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Endokardit_kimlerde_gorulur\"><\/span>Endokardit kimlerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1321953570-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1321953570-label\" >\n\t\t\t\n<p>Yapay kalp kapa\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yanlarda, kalp deli\u011fi olanlarda, damara i\u011fne ile ila\u00e7 kullananlarda ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zay\u0131f ki\u015filerde daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3218786635\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3218786635-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131-m\u0131d\u0131r?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3218786635-content\" >\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bulasici_midir\"><\/span>Bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3218786635-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3218786635-label\" >\n\t\t\t\n<p>Endokarditin kendisi ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye bula\u015fmaz; ancak hastal\u0131\u011fa neden olan enfeksiyon etkenleri bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1826987472\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1826987472-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-belirtileri-nelerdir?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1826987472-content\" >\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Belirtileri_nelerdir\"><\/span>Belirtileri nelerdir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1826987472-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1826987472-label\" >\n\t\t\t\n<p>Ate\u015f, titreme, halsizlik, kilo kayb\u0131, gece terlemeleri, kalpte \u00fcf\u00fcr\u00fcm, mor lekeler ve nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi belirtiler g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2934360687\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2934360687-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-endokardit-nas\u0131l-te\u015fhis-edilir?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2934360687-content\" >\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Endokardit_nasil_teshis_edilir\"><\/span>Endokardit nas\u0131l te\u015fhis edilir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2934360687-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2934360687-label\" >\n\t\t\t\n<p>Kan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, ekokardiyografi (\u00f6zellikle trans\u00f6zofageal EKO), laboratuvar testleri ve klinik bulgulara dayanarak te\u015fhis edilir.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1019456116\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1019456116-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-hangi-mikroorganizmalar-neden-olur?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1019456116-content\" >\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hangi_mikroorganizmalar_neden_olur\"><\/span>Hangi mikroorganizmalar neden olur?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1019456116-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1019456116-label\" >\n\t\t\t\n<p>En s\u0131k Staphylococcus aureus ve Streptococcus viridans grubu bakteriler sorumludur. Nadiren mantarlar da etkili olabilir.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3987487124\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3987487124-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-ne-kadar-s\u00fcrede-tedavi-edilir?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3987487124-content\" >\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ne_kadar_surede_tedavi_edilir\"><\/span>Ne kadar s\u00fcrede tedavi edilir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3987487124-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3987487124-label\" >\n\t\t\t\n<p>Antibiyotik tedavisi genellikle 4\u20136 hafta s\u00fcrer. Tedavi hastanede damar yoluyla verilir.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1110931706\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1110931706-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-endokardit-\u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl-olabilir-mi?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1110931706-content\" >\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Endokardit_olumcul_olabilir_mi\"><\/span>Endokardit \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl olabilir mi?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1110931706-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1110931706-label\" >\n\t\t\t\n<p>Evet, tedavi edilmezse kalp kapaklar\u0131nda hasara, embolilere ve \u00e7oklu organ yetmezli\u011fine yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1944461573\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1944461573-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-cerrahi-tedavi-gerekir-mi?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1944461573-content\" >\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cerrahi_tedavi_gerekir_mi\"><\/span>Cerrahi tedavi gerekir mi?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1944461573-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1944461573-label\" >\n\t\t\t\n<p>Ciddi kapak hasar\u0131, enfeksiyona diren\u00e7, kalp yetmezli\u011fi veya p\u0131ht\u0131 atma durumunda cerrahi kapak de\u011fi\u015fimi gerekebilir.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-502583218\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-502583218-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-endokardit-\u00f6nlenebilir-mi?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-502583218-content\" >\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Endokardit_onlenebilir_mi\"><\/span>Endokardit \u00f6nlenebilir mi?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-502583218-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-502583218-label\" >\n\t\t\t\n<p>Riskli ki\u015filere di\u015f tedavileri veya cerrahiler \u00f6ncesi antibiyotik profilaksisi verilerek \u00f6nlenebilir.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2138292693\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2138292693-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-kalp-kapa\u011f\u0131-protezi-olanlar-risk-alt\u0131nda-m\u0131?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2138292693-content\" >\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kalp_kapagi_protezi_olanlar_risk_altinda_mi\"><\/span>Kalp kapa\u011f\u0131 protezi olanlar risk alt\u0131nda m\u0131?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2138292693-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2138292693-label\" >\n\t\t\t\n<p>Evet, yapay kapaklar enfeksiyona daha yatk\u0131nd\u0131r ve bu ki\u015filerde endokardit riski y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3634764716\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3634764716-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-di\u015f-sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131-neden-\u00f6nemlidir?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3634764716-content\" >\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dis_sagligi_neden_onemlidir\"><\/span>Di\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 neden \u00f6nemlidir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3634764716-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3634764716-label\" >\n\t\t\t\n<p>Di\u015f eti hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve k\u00f6t\u00fc a\u011f\u0131z hijyeni, bakterilerin kana kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir ve endokardit riskini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1856870082\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1856870082-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-tedavi-sonras\u0131-tekrar-eder-mi?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1856870082-content\" >\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tedavi_sonrasi_tekrar_eder_mi\"><\/span>Tedavi sonras\u0131 tekrar eder mi?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1856870082-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1856870082-label\" >\n\t\t\t\n<p>Evet, \u00f6zellikle altta yatan nedenler devam ediyorsa veya yapay kapak varsa tekrarlama riski vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3807491479\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3807491479-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-seyahat-ve-g\u00fcnl\u00fck-ya\u015fam-nas\u0131l-etkilenir?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3807491479-content\" >\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Seyahat_ve_gunluk_yasam_nasil_etkilenir\"><\/span>Seyahat ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam nas\u0131l etkilenir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3807491479-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3807491479-label\" >\n\t\t\t\n<p>Akut d\u00f6nemde yat\u0131\u015f ve tedavi gerekir; iyile\u015fme sonras\u0131 ya\u015fam kalitesi genellikle normale d\u00f6ner ancak takip \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-4238155204\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-4238155204-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-hangi-uzmanl\u0131klar-ilgilenir?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-4238155204-content\" >\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hangi_uzmanliklar_ilgilenir\"><\/span>Hangi uzmanl\u0131klar ilgilenir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-4238155204-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-4238155204-label\" >\n\t\t\t\n<p>Kardiyoloji, enfeksiyon hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve kalp damar cerrahisi birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak tan\u0131 ve tedaviyi y\u00f6netir.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130nfektif endokardit, kalbin i\u00e7 tabakas\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle kalp kapak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bakteri veya nadiren mantar kaynakl\u0131 enfeksiyonudur. Enfeksiyon, kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131na giren mikroorganizmalar\u0131n kalp dokusuna yerle\u015fmesiyle geli\u015fir ve tedavi edilmezse ciddi komplikasyonlara yol a\u00e7abilir. Risk fakt\u00f6rleri aras\u0131nda yapay veya hasarl\u0131 kalp kapaklar\u0131, do\u011fu\u015ftan kalp hastal\u0131klar\u0131, \u00f6nceki endokardit \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc, uzun s\u00fcreli damar i\u00e7i kateter kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve damar i\u00e7i ila\u00e7 [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":9024,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[234],"tags":[425,426],"class_list":["post-11123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-endokartit-tedavisi-en","tag-infektif-endokardit-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11123","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11123"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11123\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14036,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11123\/revisions\/14036"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11123"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11123"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dryavuzbesogul.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}