Author Archives: Prof. Dr. Yavuz Beşoğul

Circulatory System Diseases: Risk Factors & Symptoms

The circulatory system is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and hormones while removing metabolic waste [...]

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS): Symptoms and Treatment

Thoracic outlet syndrome is a condition caused by compression of nerves or blood vessels between [...]

Iliac Artery: What Is It, Location, Anatomy and Function

The iliac artery is a major blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the abdominal [...]

Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: Symptoms & Treatment

A thoracic aortic aneurysm is a pathological dilation of the aorta within the chest region. [...]

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) – Symptoms and causes

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect where the fetal connection between the [...]

Cold Sweats: Causes and When to Be Concerned

Cold sweating refers to unexpected perspiration occurring without heat or physical exertion. It is usually [...]

Angiogram: What It Is and What It Shows

Angiography is a diagnostic imaging procedure that visualizes blood vessels using contrast dye and X-ray [...]

Leg Ulcers: What Is It, Treatments, Causes and Types

Leg ulcers are chronic wounds that occur due to impaired blood circulation, often linked to [...]

Syncope (Fainting): Types, Symptoms & Causes

Syncope, commonly known as fainting, is a sudden and temporary loss of consciousness due to [...]

Dyspnea: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea, is the subjective sensation of difficult or labored [...]

Chest Pain: What It Feels Like, Causes & Treatment

Chest pain is a significant symptom that may indicate cardiac, pulmonary, or gastrointestinal conditions. Its [...]

Nutcracker Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Nutcracker syndrome is a rare vascular disorder caused by compression of the left renal vein [...]

Synthetic Graft

A vascular graft is an artificial or biological conduit used to replace or bypass diseased [...]

What Causes Arm Pain? Causes of Right and Left Arm Pain

Arm pain is a common symptom that can arise from musculoskeletal, neurological, or cardiovascular causes. [...]

Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE)

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is an advanced imaging technique that uses ultrasound waves via a probe [...]

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic method that uses strong magnetic fields and [...]

Chest X-ray (Radiography)

A chest X-ray is a radiological imaging method used to evaluate lung and heart structures. [...]

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic test that records the electrical activity of the heart. [...]

Virtual Angiography

CT angiography, also known as virtual angiography, is a non-invasive imaging technique that visualizes blood [...]

CT Coronary Angiography

CT coronary angiography is a non-invasive imaging method used to visualize coronary arteries. It provides [...]

Doppler Ultrasonography (Doppler USG)

Doppler ultrasonography is a diagnostic imaging technique that measures blood flow in vessels using sound [...]

Heart Aneurysm: Symptoms and Treatment

A heart aneurysm is a localized dilatation of the heart wall, often developing after a [...]

Pericardial Effusion: Symptoms & Causes

Pericardial effusion is the accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial sac surrounding the heart. [...]

Cyanosis (Blue Hands & Feet): Causes, Treatment & Diagnosis

Cyanosis is the bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by insufficient oxygen [...]