Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) – Symptoms and causes

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect where the fetal connection between the [...]

Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: Symptoms & Treatment

A thoracic aortic aneurysm is a pathological dilation of the aorta within the chest region. [...]

Iliac Artery: What Is It, Location, Anatomy and Function

The iliac artery is a major blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the abdominal [...]

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS): Symptoms and Treatment

Thoracic outlet syndrome is a condition caused by compression of nerves or blood vessels between [...]

Circulatory System Diseases: Risk Factors & Symptoms

The circulatory system is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and hormones while removing metabolic waste [...]

Synthetic Graft

A vascular graft is an artificial or biological conduit used to replace or bypass diseased [...]

What Causes Arm Pain? Causes of Right and Left Arm Pain

Arm pain is a common symptom that can arise from musculoskeletal, neurological, or cardiovascular causes. [...]

Blood Thinners | Anticoagulants

Anticoagulants are medications that prevent abnormal blood clot formation by inhibiting specific steps in the [...]

Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO): Causes & Treatment

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a small hole between the atria of the heart that [...]

Cyanosis (Blue Hands & Feet): Causes, Treatment & Diagnosis

Cyanosis is the bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by insufficient oxygen [...]

Pericardial Effusion: Symptoms & Causes

Pericardial effusion is the accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial sac surrounding the heart. [...]

Heart Aneurysm: Symptoms and Treatment

A heart aneurysm is a localized dilatation of the heart wall, often developing after a [...]

Doppler Ultrasonography (Doppler USG)

Doppler ultrasonography is a diagnostic imaging technique that measures blood flow in vessels using sound [...]

CT Coronary Angiography

CT coronary angiography is a non-invasive imaging method used to visualize coronary arteries. It provides [...]

Virtual Angiography

CT angiography, also known as virtual angiography, is a non-invasive imaging technique that visualizes blood [...]

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic test that records the electrical activity of the heart. [...]

Chest X-ray (Radiography)

A chest X-ray is a radiological imaging method used to evaluate lung and heart structures. [...]

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic method that uses strong magnetic fields and [...]

Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE)

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is an advanced imaging technique that uses ultrasound waves via a probe [...]

Varicose Veins Treatment with Laser

Laser varicose vein treatment is a minimally invasive medical method used to close diseased veins. [...]

Heart transplant surgery

Heart transplantation is a surgical procedure performed in patients with end-stage heart failure when medical [...]

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI)

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) is a minimally invasive procedure performed without open-heart surgery. It [...]

Capillary Varicose Vein Treatment

Capillary varicose vein treatment focuses on eliminating small, superficial veins that appear as red or [...]

Compression Stockings: Benefits and Side Effects

Compression stockings are medical devices designed to apply controlled pressure on the legs, supporting venous [...]