What is a Heart Murmur? What are the Symptoms of a Heart Murmur?

A heart murmur is an abnormal sound heard during the cardiac cycle, often detected by [...]

What is Kawasaki Disease? Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

Kawasaki disease is an acute vasculitis affecting medium-sized arteries, primarily in children under five years [...]

What is ECHO (Echocardiography)? How is ECHO performed?

Echocardiography is a non-invasive imaging method that uses ultrasound waves to visualize heart structures and [...]

What is atherosclerosis (arteriosclerosis)? What are the treatment methods?

Atherosclerosis is a chronic condition characterized by the accumulation of lipids, cholesterol, and fibrous tissue [...]

Carotid artery surgery

Carotid artery surgery, also known as carotid endarterectomy, is performed to prevent stroke in patients [...]

Peripheral Artery Bypass Surgery

Peripheral bypass surgery is performed to restore blood flow in arteries blocked by atherosclerosis, especially [...]

What is Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)? How Is It Treated?

 VSD surgery is performed to correct a congenital heart defect where an abnormal opening exists [...]

Venous thrombosis

Leg pain occurs due to circulatory disorders, musculoskeletal problems, or nerve compression. Vascular causes such [...]

Aorta: Anatomy and Function

The aorta is the body’s main artery, responsible for carrying oxygen-rich blood from the heart [...]

Rheumatic Heart Disease: Symptoms & Treatment

Rheumatic heart disease is a complication of untreated streptococcal throat infections, leading to inflammation and [...]

Pacemaker Removal: Why and How is a Pacemaker Removed?

Pacemaker removal becomes necessary when device infection, malfunction, or lead-related complications occur. Extraction is a [...]

Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs)

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a vascular anomaly where abnormal connections between arteries and veins bypass [...]

What is Troponin?

Troponin is a cardiac protein released into the bloodstream when heart muscle damage occurs. Elevated [...]

Heart Valve Calcification: Symptoms and Treatment

Heart valve calcification and degeneration refer to progressive structural changes in the valve tissue. These [...]

Mitral Valve Prolapse: Symptoms and Surgery

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) occurs when the valve leaflets bulge backward into the left atrium [...]

ECMO Tedavisi Nedir? Nasıl Uygulanır, Hangi Hastalarda Kullanılır?

ECMO (ekstrakorporeal membran oksijenasyonu) tedavisi, kalp ve/veya akciğer fonksiyonlarının ciddi şekilde bozulduğu durumlarda, kanın vücut [...]

Penetrating Aortic Ulcer

A penetrating aortic ulcer is a vascular pathology where an atherosclerotic plaque erodes the inner [...]

Infective Aortitis: Impact of Bacterial Infections on the Aorta

Infective aortitis is a rare but serious condition caused by bacterial infection of the aortic [...]

Takayasu Arteriti Nedir? Takayasu Arteriti Belirtileri Nelerdir?

Takayasu arteriti, büyük damarları tutan kronik, inflamatuvar bir hastalıktır ve özellikle aort ile ana dallarında [...]

Leriche Sendromu Nedir? Belirtileri, Nedenleri ve Ameliyatı

Leriche sendromu, aortun karın bölgesindeki son kısmı ile bacaklara kan taşıyan iliyak arterlerde ateroskleroz kaynaklı [...]

Aortic Dissection: Symptoms and Surgery

Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition where a tear occurs in the aortic wall, allowing [...]

What is LDL Cholesterol? High and Low LDL Cholesterol

LDL cholesterol, often called “bad cholesterol,” plays a major role in the development of atherosclerosis. [...]

Lymphedema – Symptoms and causes

Lymphedema is a chronic condition characterized by the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in tissues, leading [...]

What is Mitral Valve Stenosis? Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Mitral stenosis is the narrowing of the mitral valve opening, which restricts blood flow from [...]